Considerations on bleaching in paper restoration processes: a chemical and theoretical overview of the procedure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/1982-02672024v32e39Keywords:
Conservation and Restoration, Paper and cellulose , Chromophores, Stains, Oxidation, ReductionAbstract
Bleaching is a commonly used procedure in the field of paper restoration. It is often performed with the justification of benefiting, enhancing, or "rescuing" the aesthetic quality of the treated work, offering a subjectively new, aseptic, and pristine appearance to previously yellowed or stained paper. Even in less biased justifications, based on a possible recovery of legibility and improvement of aesthetic enjoyment of works of art on paper, the argument in agreement with executing this restorative approach also prevails. Focusing on this controversial procedure, the aim of this article is to provide an overview of bleaching methods, including conventional, less conventional, or alternative ones, discussing their methodological principles and key physico-chemical aspects. Through this critical-methodological review, which also includes an introduction to the fundamental chemical phenomena related to the action of bleaching on key chromophores present in yellowed cellulose, a careful exposition of the pros and cons of the procedure in question is presented, comparing the restoration theory debate with the discussion presented by Irene Brückler and Ute Henniges in their systematic article "Thoughts on Bleaching Guidelines". The proposal is to contribute to the debate on bleaching, also in Portuguese, providing conservators-restorers with information on the main criteria to be considered and the various methods for safely and rationally performing the procedure.
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