“Get Out of Brazil Now”: brazilian emigration as anticipatory action

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2022.198669

Keywords:

Brazilians in Vancouver, International migration, Middle-class(es), Anticipatory action

Abstract

In recent years, the number of Brazilians leaving the country has reached record levels, suggesting a new and unprecedented phase of emigration. In contrast to earlier periods of emigration from Brazil, this recent phase is primarily comprised of Brazilians who have left with their families with the intention of never returning to Brazil as residents. This article analyses this new movement through an ethnography of Brazilians living in Greater Vancouver, Canada, a region in which the Brazilian population quadrupled between 2006 and 2016. We argue that this migratory movement is a response to generalized and diffuse feelings of apprehension and of fear of the future in Brazil, that diverge from the  relatively comfortable standard of living and privileged position of those leaving Brazil. As a result, emigration emerges as a form of anticipatory action motivated by what we call “middle-class malaise.”

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Kathleen M. Millar, Simon Fraser University

    Professora associada da Faculdade de Sociologia e Antropologia da Simon Fraser University (SFU, Vancouver). Mestre e doutora em Antropologia pela Brown University. Realizou pós-doutorado na Duke University. Autora do livro Reclaiming the discarded: Life and labor on Rio’s garbage dump (Duke University Press, 2018).

  • Michele A. Fanini, Universidade de São Paulo

    Pesquisadora. Mestre e doutora em Sociologia pela USP. Realizou pós-doutorado (Fapesp) no IEB-USP, do qual resultou o livro A (in)visibilidade de um legado: seleta de textos dramatúrgicos inéditos de Júlia Lopes de Almeida (Fapesp/Intermeios, 2016). Atuou como pesquisadora associada do GEPHOM-USP, onde desenvolveu pós-doutorado sobre a imigração brasileira na Grande Vancouver.

References

Adorno, Sérgio. (2011), “Violência e crime: sob o domínio do medo na sociedade brasileira”. In: Botelho, André & Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz. Agenda brasileira: temas de uma sociedade em mudança. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras.

Adorno, Sérgio & Nery, Marcelo Batista. (Jan./Abr. 2019), “Crime e violências em São Paulo: retrospectiva teórico-metodológica, avanços, limites e perspectivas futuras”. Cad. Metrop., São Paulo, 21 (44): 169-194.

Almeida, G. M. R. de. & Baeninger, R. (2016). “A imigração brasileira na França: do tipo histórico às modalidades migratórias contemporâneas”. Rev. Bras. Estud. Popul., 33 (1): 129-153.

Amit, Vered (editor). (2007), Going first class?: New approaches to privileged travel and movement. Nova York/Oxford, Berghahn Books.

Anderson, Ben. (2010), “Preemption, precaution, preparedness: anticipatory action and future geographies”. Progress in Human Geography, 34 (6): 777-797.

Bógus, Lúcia & Baeninger, Rosana (orgs.). (2018), A nova face da emigração internacional no Brasil. São Paulo, Educ.

Caldeira, Teresa. (2000), Cidade de muros. Crime, segregação e cidadania em São Paulo. São Paulo, Editora 34/Edusp.

Cavalcanti, Leonardo & Oliveira, Márcio de. (jan.-abr. 2018), “O tema das migrações internacionais na Sociologia no Brasil”. Revista Brasileira de Sociologia, 6 (12): 88-113.

Censo Demográfico 2010. (2011), Ministério do Planejamento, Orçamento e Gestão. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (ibge). Rio de Janeiro.

Dias, Gustavo & Martins Júnior, Angelo. (Nov. 2018), “A segunda onda migratória brasileira: o impacto das mudanças econômicas e sociais no Brasil sobre a migração contemporânea para o Reino Unido”. Século xxi: Revista de Ciências Sociais, [S.l.], 8 (1): 112-143.

Fassim, Didier. (2011), “Policing borders, producing boundaries. The governmentality of immigration in dark times”. Annu. Rev. Anthropology, 40: 213-26.

Fellet, João. (31 jan. 2017), “Atraindo cada vez mais brasileiros, Canadá se firma como destino global de imigrantes”. bbc News Brasil.

Grove, Kevin. (2013), “On resilience politics: From transformation to subversion”. Resilience: International Policies, Practices, and Discourses, 1 (2): 146-153.

Klein, Charles H. et al. (2018), “Naming Brazil’s previously poor: ‘new middle class’ as an economic, political, and experiential category”. Economic Anthropology, 5 (1): 83-95.

Kopper, Moisés & Damo, Arlei Sander (jan./abr. 2018), “A emergência e evanescência da nova classe média brasileira”. Horizontes Antropológicos, Porto Alegre, 24 (50): 335-376.

Margolis, Maxine L. (1990), “From mistress to servant. Downward mobility among Brazilian immigrants in New York City”. Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 19 (3): 215-231.

Margolis, Maxine L. (jan.-jun. 2008), “Brasileiros no estrangeiro: a etnicidade, a autoidentidade e o ‘outro’”. Revista de Antropologia, 51 (1): 283-302.

Massumi, Brian. (2010), “The future birth of affective fact. The political ontology of threat”. In: Gregg, Melissa & Seigworth, Gregory (editors). The affect theory reader. Durham & Londres, Duke University Press.

Massumi, Brian. (2015), Ontopower: War, powers, and the state of perception. Durham & Londres, Duke University Press.

Menai, Tania. (2016), “Brazilians are leaving: this time, for Good”. Women Across Frontiers, 4.

Ministério das Relações Exteriores. (2021), “Comunidade brasileira no exterior – Estatísticas 2020”. 19 jul. 2021. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/assuntos/portal-consular/artigos-variados/comunidade-brasileira-no-exterior-2013-estatisticas-2020.

Oliveira, Antônio. T. (jan./jun. 2013), “Um panorama da imigração internacional a partir do censo demográfico de 2010”. Rev. Inter. Mob. Hum. Brasília, XXI (40): 195-210.

Papademetriou, Demetrios. G. & Hooper, Kate. (2019), Competing approaches to selecting economic immigrants: points-based vs. demand-driven systems. Washington, dc, Migration Policy Institute.

Ribeiro, Carlos Antonio C. (2003), Estrutura de classe e mobilidade social no Brasil. Bauru, sp, Edusc-Anpocs.

Robins, Daniel. (2019), “Lifestyle migration from the Global South to the Global North: Individualism, social class, and freedom in a centre of ‘superdiversity’”. Population, Space and Place, 25 (6): 1-13.

Sayad, Abdelmalek. (1998), A imigração ou os paradoxos da alteridade. Tradução de Cristina Murachco. São Paulo, Edusp.

Souza, Jessé de. (2010), Os batalhadores brasileiros. Nova classe média ou nova classe trabalhadora? Belo Horizonte, Editora UFMG.

Statistics Canada. (2006), Census of Population. Disponível em: https://www12.statcan.gc.ca. Acesso em 16 nov. 2022.

Statistics Canada. (2011), Census of Population. Disponível em: https://www.12.statcan.gc.ca, consultado em 16/11/2022.

Statistics Canada. (2016), Census of Population. Disponível em: https://www.12.statcan.gc.ca, consultado em 16/11/2022.

Statistics Canada. (2021), Census of Population. Disponível em: https://www.12.statcan.gc.ca, consultado em 16/11/2022.

Torresan, Angela. (2007), “How privileged are they? Middle-class Brazilian immigrant in Lisbon”. In: Amit, Vered. (editor). Going first class?: New approaches to privileged travel and movement. Nova York/Oxford, Berghahn Books.

Torresan, Angela. (2012), “A middle class besieged: Brazilians’ motives to migrate”. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology, 17: 110-130.

“Vancouver Police Department Crime Incident and Crime Rate Statistics”. Disponível em: https://vpd.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/crime-incident-crime-rate-2019-2021.pdf.

Vaz, Paulo. (14 abr. 2007), “Pesquisa analisa formação da percepção social sobre a criminalidade”. Entrevista para Mônica Maia e Cristiane Barbalho. Arquivo de Notícias Faperj.

Veloso, Leticia. (2010), “Governing heterogeneity in the context of ‘compulsory closeness’: the ‘pacification’ of favelas in Rio de Janeiro”. Suburbanization in Global Society. Research in Urban Sociology, 10: 253–272.

Yaacoub, Hilaine (jul./dez. 2011), “A chamada ‘nova classe média’: cultura material, inclusão e distinção social”. Horizontes Antropológicos, 17 (36): 197-231.

Published

2022-12-28

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Millar, K. M., & Fanini, M. A. (2022). “Get Out of Brazil Now”: brazilian emigration as anticipatory action. Tempo Social, 34(3), 315-339. https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2022.198669