Teoria social e neurociência
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702014000200005Abstract
A questão-chave para tentar aplicar os resultados da neurociência a tópicos sociais é a correspondência: qual é a relação entre os conceitos sociais ordinários ou os conceitos da ciência social e suas realizações físicas no cérebro? A resposta depende do que se apresenta para a correspondência em cada um dos lados. Os conceitos da ciência social elaborados sob a influência do modelo padrão de ciência social são fontes de correspondência piores do que os conceitos da ciência social, especialmente da sociologia do final do século XIX, antes da disciplinarização. Nesse período, sociólogos e teóricos sociais estavam interessados nas questões suscitadas por Darwin e pelos estudos de cooperação entre animais. O modelo padrão de ciência social, em contraste, pressupõe uma noção de cultura com pobres correlatos cerebrais. As ideias teóricas dessa geração anterior, como a de Franklin Giddings sobre a consciência de semelhança, a de C. H. Cooley sobre o self especular, a de Max Weber sobre empatia, além do interesse pela imitação e pela socialização da criança, oferecem correlatos melhores para a atual neurociência.
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