Predicción de bajo peso al nacer con hipoglucemia en la prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055002543Palabras clave:
Hipoglucemia, Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa, Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso, Estudios LongitudinalesResumen
RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Determinar el valor de la combinación de la glucosa en ayunas menor que el percentil 10 (GA < p10) durante la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa con 75 gramos (PTG-75g) con características maternas para predecir bajo peso al nacer (BPN) establecido mediante tablas de Intergrowth-21st. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de mujeres embarazadas que se realizaron PTG-75g entre las 24 y 28.6 semanas. Se determinó el percentil 10 de glucosa en ayunas de la población en 65 mg/dL y fueron excluidas aquellas mujeres con factores de riesgo que pudieran modificar el peso fetal incluyendo los relacionados con la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Se formaron dos grupos: grupo GA < p10 y grupo con glucosa en ayunas normal. El hallazgo principal fue el diagnóstico de BPN. La asociación entre GA < p10, características maternas y BPN se estableció mediante regresión logística multivariante. El desempeño predictivo de los modelos construidos fue evaluado por el análisis de la curva característica operativa del receptor (ROC) y del área bajo la curva (ABC). RESULTADOS: Fueron elegibles para estudio 349 mujeres, de las cuales 66 (18,91%) tuvieron GA < p10; los neonatos de este grupo tuvieron pesos al nacer más bajos (2947.28 g y 3138.26 g, p = 0,001), frecuencias más altas de BPN (25% y 6,81%, p < 0,001) y de pesos < 2500 g en nacimientos de término (8,6% y 2,3%, p = 0,034). El modelo basal de predicción consistió en nuliparidad al lograr un ABC del 60%, mientras que al añadir la GA < p10 se obtuvo la mejora significativa del modelo previo (ABC 72%, DeLong: p = 0,005). CONCLUSIONES: En mujeres embarazadas sin factores que pudieran modificar el peso fetal, el modelo predictivo creado combinando GA < p10 durante la PTG-75g con nuliparidad estuvo asociado significativamente con riesgo incrementado de BPN.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Flavio Hernández-Castro, Anaís Berlanga-Garza, Mayela Diamantina Cruz-Gutiérrez, Juan Antonio Soria-López, Gabriel Edgar Villagómez-Martínez, Iván Vladimir Dávila-Escamilla
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
