COVID-19 e o impacto de pacientes diabéticos e obesos durante o confinamento
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2023.195091Palavras-chave:
Coronavírus, Distanciamento físico, Obesidade, Diabetes MellitusResumo
Objetivo: Identificar os aspectos relacionados à obesidade e ao diabetes de acordo com os fatores clínicos, sociais e as dificuldades de condicionamento físico na rotina de confinamento durante a COVID-19. Métodos: Utilizaramse as bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase e literatura cinza (Google Scholar). Foi utilizado o PRISMA, e, para análise de risco de viés, o checklist Downs and Black. Para sintetização dos resultados foram estabelecidos dois subtítulos com temas pertinentes ao objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados: Dezessete pesquisas foram incluídas para análise de síntese qualitativa: doze estudos de coorte, quatro de corte transversal e um estudo retrospectivo multicêntrico. Pacientes obesos e diabéticos aumentam as comorbidades quando infectados pela COVID-19, pois ocorre uma interação patológica comprometedora com complicações, como cetoacidose, infecção, hiperosmolaridade alta, dislipidemia e distúrbios psicológicos. Achados científicos apontam para uma maior internação de pessoas obesas em relação a diabéticos em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), quando acometidos pelo novo coronavírus. Com a prática desportiva reduzida e a desmotivação advinda do comportamento sedentário, pessoas obesas e/ou diabéticas sugerem prognósticos desfavoráveis à saúde física e mental durante e após o término da pandemia. Conclusão: O entendimento específico sobre a abordagem imunomoduladora e de inibidores enzimáticos é de importância na atenção primária ao paciente. Estratégias com redes multidisciplinares devem acompanhar indivíduos com pré-disposição à obesidade e ao diabetes durante o confinamento social, uma vez que existe uma dificuldade de se manter um controle glicêmico e dislipidêmico que são desfavorecidos pela ansiedade, estresse e ideia de falência econômica.
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