Comparison of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bilirubin levels between patients with essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.rmrp.2023.209704Keywords:
Essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Indirect bilirubinAbstract
Introduction: Differential diagnoses between essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease is challenging in some individuals, with both disorders sharing similarities. Considering these links, we hypothesized that both conditions have a similar profile for some antioxidant molecules, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bilirubin. Methods: We
performed a cross-sectional study comparing serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bilirubin in 31 ET patients, 38 PD, and 65 controls matched for age. We used the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin scale for the severity of tremors in the ET group. We used Hohen-Yahr and MDS-UPDRS part III scales in the PD group. In addition, we evaluated sociodemographic
characteristics, including age, sex, ethnicity, years of study, duration of disease, and use of primidone.
Results: We found no differences in serum levels for 25-hydroxyvitamin D or bilirubin subtype levels between the ET and PD groups. We found low levels of indirect bilirubin in the PD group compared to the controls. We did not find differences between ET and controls in all biomarkers of the study. Conclusion: ET and PD patients have similar profiles for 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bilirubin serum levels. The discovery of differences in oxidative stress
biomarkers in both conditions, mainly low-cost substances available clinically, can assist in the differential diagnosis and, in the future, prognostication and better therapy management.
Downloads
References
Kamble N, Pal PK. Tremor syndromes: A review. Neurol India 2018;66(7): 36. doi: 10.4103/0028-3886.226440.
Bhatia KP, Bain P, Bajaj N, et al. Consensus Statement on the classification of tremors. from the task force on tremor of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. Mov Disord 2018;33(1):75–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27121
Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, et al. MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2015(12);30:1591–1601. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mds.26424
Fekete R, Jankovic J. Revisiting the relationship between essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease: Relationship Between ET and PD. Mov Disord 2011;26(3):391–398. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/mds.23512
Tarakad A, Jankovic J. Essential Tremor and Parkinson’s Disease: Exploring the Relationship. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov 2019;8:589. http://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.441
Baumann CR. Epidemiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis in Parkinson’s disease tremor. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18:S90–2. DOI: 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70029-3
Suzuki M, Yoshioka M, Hashimoto M, et al. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and severity of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 2012;27(2):264–271. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.24016
Mokhtari Z, Hekmatdoost A, Nourian M. Antioxidant efficacy of vitamin D. J Parathyr Dis.2017;5(1):11–16.
Luo X, Ou R, Dutta R, et al. Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2018;9:909. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00909.
Qin X, Zhang Q, Sun L, et al. Lower Serum Bilirubin and Uric Acid Concentrations in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease in China. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015;72(1):49–56. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12013-014-0402-x
Macías-García D, Méndez-Del Barrio C, Jesús S, et al. Increased bilirubin levels in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019;66:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.01.012
Fahn S, Tolosa E, Marin C. Clinical rating scale for tremor. In: Jankovic J, Tolosa E, editors. Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders. Baltimore, MD and Munich, Germany: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1988:225–234.
Goetz CG, Tilley BC, Shaftman SR, et al. Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS- UPDRS): scale presentation and clinimetric testing results. Mov Disord2008;23(15):2129–2170. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.22340
Cozzi L, Nuti F, Degrassi I, et al. Gilbert or Crigler–Najjar syndrome? Neonatal severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia with P364L UGT1A1 homozygosity. Ital J Pediatr 2022;48(1):59.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-022-01251-4
Fernandez H, Mohammed HT, Patel T. Vitamin D supplementation for bone health in adults with epilepsy: A systematic review. Epilepsia 2018;59(4):885– 96. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/epi.14015
Louis ED, Machado DG. Tremor-related quality of life: A comparison of essential tremor vs. Parkinson’s disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015;21(7):729–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.04.019
Rao AK, Gilman A, Louis ED. Balance Confidence and Falls in Non-demented Essential Tremor Patients: The Role of Cognition. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Oct;95(10):1832-7. 1832–1837. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.001.
Handforth A, Parker GA. Conditions Associated with Essential Tremor in Veterans: A Potential Role for Chronic Stress. Tremor Hyperkinetic Mov. 2018;8:517. http://doi.org/10.5334/tohm.400
Agúndez JAG, García-Martín E, Alonso-Navarro H, et al. Vitamin D Receptor and Binding Protein Gene Variants in Patients with Essential Tremor. Mol Neurobiol 2022;59:3458–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-022-02804-8
Songsomboon C, Tanprawate S, Soontornpun A, et al. Serum Uric Acid, Serum Uric Acid to Serum Creatinine Ratio and Serum Bilirubin in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med Res 2020;12(3):172–179. https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4079
Ayuso P, Martínez C, Pastor P, et al. An association study between Heme oxygenase-1 genetic variants and Parkinson’s disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014;8:298. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00298
Kim GH, Kim JE, Rhie SJ, Yoon S. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Exp Neurobiol. 2015 ;24(4):325–340. doi: 10.5607/en.2015.24.4.325.
Ayuso P, Agúndez JAG, Alonso-Navarro H, Martínez C, Benito-León J, Ortega-Cubero S, et al. Heme Oxygenase 1 and 2 Common Genetic Variants and Risk for Essential Tremor. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94(24):e968. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000968
Lee DY, Oh M, Kim S-J, et al. Bilirubin-Related Differential Striatal [18F]FP-CIT Uptake in Parkinson Disease. Clin Nucl Med 2019;44:855–859. DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002749
Albillos SM, Montero O, Calvo S, et al. Plasma acyl-carnitines, bilirubin, tyramine and tetrahydro-21-deoxycortisol in Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. A case control biomarker study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021;91:167–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.014
Sedlak TW, Saleh M, Higginson DS, et al. Bilirubin and glutathione have complementary antioxidant and cytoprotective roles. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2009;106(13):5171–5176. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0813132106
Giraudi PJ, Bellarosa C, Coda-Zabetta CD, et al. Functional induction of the cystine-glutamate exchanger system X c- activity in SH-SY5Y cells by unconjugated bilirubin. PLoS ONE 2011;6(12):e29078. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029078
Nakai K, Fujii H, Kono K, et al. Vitamin D Activates the Nrf2-Keap1 Antioxidant Pathway and Ameliorates Nephropathy in Diabetic Rats. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27(4):586–595. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpt160
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Celmir de Oliveira Vilaça, Marco Antônio Araujo Leite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
