Os tempos da vida

Abstract

Time attracts much attention in the contemporary academic universe. In this article I will propose an association between the concepts of classical reflex conditioning and chronobiology, area in which the temporal dimension of living organisms is studied. The concept of anticipation is proposed as the central link of this association. Distinct levels of determination may be explored based on observations of temporal phenomena in organisms. The notions of temporal challenges and traps seem appropriate to describe human dilemmas in a globalized world; such concepts may help the clarification of the dif erent processes of adaptation.