A inscrição de Behistun (c. 520 a.C.): tradução do texto Persa Antigo para o Português, introdução crítica e comentários
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.2023.199429Palabras clave:
Behistun, Pérsia, Persa Antigo, Aquemênidas, CuneiformeResumen
A inscrição monumental Aquemênida no monte Behistun (Bisitun), na província iraniana do Kermanshah (oeste do Irã), narra a versão oficial da ascensão de Dario ao poder na Pérsia Antiga. Em três línguas e grafias (persa antigo, elamita e acadiano), este inestimável documento histórico foi essencial para a decifração do cuneiforme no século XIX. Ele também se prestou à reconstrução da história do Império Aquemênida, anteriormente conhecida mormente graças aos relatos das fontes gregas e bíblicas. Devido à relevância e singularidade da Inscrição de Behistun, propõe-se uma tradução direta do persa antigo para o português, ampliando o acesso do público leigo e especializado ao documento. Comentários históricos abordando as principais discussões relativas à inscrição acompanham o texto.
Descargas
Referencias
Fontes
ASHERI, David. Erodoto, Le Storie. III, La Persia. (Appendice I: L’iscrizione di Dario a Behistun). Milano: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, 1990.
BAE, Chul-Hyun. Comparative Studies of King Darius’ Bisitun Inscription. PhD, Doctor of Philosophy, Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, The Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University, 2001.
CAMERON, George Glenn. The Old Persian text of the Bisitun inscription. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 5, n. 2, 1951, p. 47-54. Disponível em: < https://www.jstor.org/stable/1359449>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1359449.
CAMERON, George Glenn. The Elamite version of the Bisitun Inscriptions. Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 14, n. 2, 1960, p. 59-68. Disponível em : <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1359255>. Acesso em : 26 jun. 2022. doi : https://doi.org/10.2307/1359255.
CTÉSIAS DE CNIDO. La Perse, L’Inde. Texto estabelecido, comentado e traduzido por LENFANT, Dominique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2004.
DIODORO SÍCULO. Bibliothèque historique. Tome II, Livre II. Texte établi et traduit par Bernard Eck. Paris: Belles Lettres, 2003.
GREENFIELD, Jonas Carl; PORTEN, Bezalel. The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great. Aramaic Version. London: Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, 1982.
GRILLOT-SUSINI, Françoise; HERRENSCHMIDT, Clarisse; MALBRAN-LABAT, Florence. La Version Élamite de la Trilingue de Behistun: Une Nouvelle Lecture. Journal Asiatique, vol. CCLXXXI.1-2, 1993, p. 19-59. Disponível em: <https://archive.org/details/LaVersionElamiteDeLaTrilingueDeBehistunUnNouvelleLecture>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
HERÓDOTO. Herodoti Historiae recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instrvxit Carolus Hude (Karl Hude). vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.
HERÓDOTO. Herodoti Historiae recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instrvxit Carolus Hude (Karl Hude). vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1920.
JACKSON, Abraham Valentine Williams. The Great Behistun Rock and some results of a re-examination of the Old Persian inscriptions on it. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. 24, 1903.
KENT, Roland Grubb. Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon. New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Society, 1950.
KING, Leonard William; THOMPSON, Reginald Campbell. The Sculptures and Inscription of Darius the Great on the Rock of Behistun in Persia. London: Longmans & Co., 1907. Disponível em: <https://archive.org/details/sculpturesinscri00brituoft>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
KUHRT, Amélie. The Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Empire. Londres e Nova Iorque : Routledge, 2007.
LECOQ, Pierre. Les inscriptions de la Perse achéménide. Paris: Gallimard, 1997.
MALBRAN-LABAT, Florence. La Version Akkadienne De L’inscription Trilingue De Darius à Behistun. Roma: Documenta Asiana - Gruppo editoriale internazionale, 1994.
NOVOTNY, Jamie; JEFFERS, Joshua. The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668–631 BC), Aššur-etel-ilāni (630–627 BC) and Sîn-šarra-iškun (626–612 BC), Kings of Assyria, Part 1 (RINAP 5). Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns, 2018.
PARIAN, Saber Amiri. A New Edition of the Elamite Version of the Behistun Inscription. Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin, vol. 3, 2017. Disponível em: <https://cdli.ucla.edu/file/publications/cdlb2017_003.pdf>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
PARIAN, Saber Amiri. A New Edition of the Elamite Version of the Behistun Inscription (II). Cuneiform Digital Library Bulletin, vol. 1, 2020. Disponível em: <https://cdli.ucla.edu/file/publications/cdlb2020_001.pdf>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
RAWLINSON, Henry Creswicke. The Persian cuneiform inscription at Behistun, decyphered and translated. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, vol. 10, 1848, p. 1-349. Disponível em: <https://archive.org/details/jstor-25581217>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. The Bisitun Inscriptions of Darius the Great: Old Persian Text. London: Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, 1991. Disponível em: <https://archive.org/details/Schmitt.R.TheBistunInscriptionOfDariusTheGreatOldPersianText.1991>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. Die altpersischen Inschriften der Achaimeniden. Editio minor mit deutscher Übersetzung. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2009.
SEIDL, Ursula. Ein Monument Dariu’s I. aus Babylon. Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, Bd. 89, S. 101-114, Walter de Gruyter, 1999, p. 101-114. Disponível em: <https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/zava.1999.89.1.101/html>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/zava.1999.89.1.101.
VON VOIGTLANDER, Elizabeth Nation. The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great: Babylonian Version. London: Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum, 1978.
Referências Bibliográficas
ALLEN, Lindsay. The Persian Empire. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2005.
ARAUJO, Matheus Treuk Medeiros de. O Império Aquemênida em Heródoto: Identidade e Política nas Histórias. Tese de doutorado, História Social, Departamento de História / Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/T.8.2019.tde-13032019-104322 .
ASHERI, David; LLOYD, Alan; CORCELLA, Aldo. A Commentary on Herodotus Books I-IV. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
BAHRANI, Zainab. The Graven Image: Representation in Babylonia and Assyria. Filadélfia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.
BARTHOLOMAE, Christian. Altiranisches Wörterbuch. Estrasburgo: Karl J. Trübner 1904.
BASELLO, Gian Pietro; FILIPPONE, Ela; GIOVINAZZO, Grazia; ROSSI, Adriano Valerio. DARIOSH Studies I: The Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions in an Intertextual Perspective. Ismeo: Associazione Internazionale di Studi sul Mediterraneo e l’Oriente. Napoli: Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”, 2012.
BELTING, Hans. An Anthropology of Images: Picture, Medium, Body. Traduzido por Thomas Dunlap. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2011.
BENVENISTE, Émile. Études Iraniennes. Transactions of the Philological Society, vol. 44, n. 1, 1945, p. 39-78.
BENVENISTE, Émile. Le Vocabulaire des Institutions Indo-Européennes. Vol. 2. Paris: Les éditions de minuit, 1969.
BOTTÉRO, Jean. Mésopotamie: L’écriture, la raison et les dieux. Paris: Gallimard, 1987.
BRANDENSTEIN, Wilhelm; MAYRHOFER, Manfred. Handbuch des Altpersischen. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1964.
BRIANT, Pierre. Histoire de l’Empire Perse: De Cyrus à Alexandre. Paris: Fayard, 1996.
BROSIUS, Maria. A History of Ancient Persia: The Achaemenid Empire. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 2021.
BUCCI, Onorato. L’impero achemenide come ordinamento giuridico sovrannazionale e arta come principio ispiratore di uno “jus commune Persarum” (dāta). Modes de contacts et processus de transformation dans les sociétés anciennes. Actes du colloque de Cortone, 24-30 mai 1981, Rome: École Française de Rome, 1983, p. 89-122.
BUCCI, Onorato. xšaça- “impero” / xšāyaθiya-xšāyaθiyānām - “re di re”: note sulla costituzione formale dell’impero achemenide. Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, vol. 15, n. 3, 1985, p. 667-705.
CAMERON, George Glenn. The Persian satrapies and related matters. Journal of Near Eastern studies, vol. 32, n. 1/2, 1973, p. 47-56. Disponível em : < https://www.jstor.org/stable/543469>. Acesso em : 26 jun. 2022.
COLBURN, Henry. Art of the Achaemenid Empire, and Art in the Achaemenid Empire. In: BROWN, Brian; FELDMAN, Marian (eds.). Critical Approaches to Ancient Near Eastern Art. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014, p. 773-800.
CURTIS, John; RAZMJOU, Sharokh. The Palace. In: CURTIS, John. TALLIS, Nigel. (eds.). Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. London: The British Musem Press, 2005, p. 50-103.
DÉMARE-LAFONT, Sophie. dātu ša šarri. La “loi du roi” dans la Babylonie Achéménide et Séleucide. Paris: Revista Droit et Cultures, vol. 52, 2006, p. 13-26. Disponível em: <http://journals.openedition.org/droitcultures/544>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.4000/droitcultures.544.
FINKEL, Irving Leonard. The Decipherment of Achaemenid Cuneiform. In: CURTIS, John; TALLIS, Nigel. (eds.). The Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. London: The British Museum Press, 2005, p. 25-29.
FORTSON, Benjamin. Indo-European language and culture: An Introduction. 2ª edição [2004]. Oxford: Blackwell, 2010.
FREI, Peter. Persian Imperial Authorization: A Summary. In: WATTS, James (ed.). Persia and Torah: The Theory of Imperial Authorization of the Pentateuch. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2001, p. 5-40.
GARRISON, Mark. By the favor of Auramazda: kingship and the divine in the early Achaemenid period. In: IOSSIF, Panagiotis; CHANKOWSKI, Andrzej; LORBER, Catharine (eds.). More Than Men, Less Than Gods: Studies on Royal Cult and Imperial Worship. Leuven, Paris, Walpole: Peeters, 2011, p. 15-104.
GARRISON, Mark. Royal Achaemenid Iconography. In: POTTS, Daniel. (ed.) The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013, p. 566-595.
GERSHEVITCH, Ilya. The alloglottography of Old Persian, Transactions of the Philological Society, vol. 77, n. 1, 1979, p. 114-190. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00856.x>. Acesso em: 17 abr. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00856.x.
GNOLI, Gherardo. Note su xšāyaθiya- e xšaça-. In: BERGMAN, Jan (ed.). Ex orbe religionum: studia Geo Widengren oblata. Parte II. Leiden: Supplements to Numen, XXII, 1972, p. 88-97.
HENKELMAN, Wouter Franklin Merijn; REDARD, Céline (eds.). Persian Religion in the Achaemenid Period / La Religion Perse à l’Époque Achéménide. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2017.
HENKELMAN, Wouter Franklin Merijn. The Heartland Pantheon. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021a, p. 1221-1242. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch85>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch85.
HENKELMAN, Wouter Franklin Merijn. Practice of Worship in the Achaemenid Heartland. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021b, p. 1243-1270. Disponível em: < https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch86>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch86.
HERZFELD, Ernst. The Persian Empire. Studies in Geography and Ethnography of the Ancient Near East. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1968.
HYLAND, John O. The Casualty Figures in Darius’ Bisitun Inscription. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History, vol. 1, n. 2, 2014, p. 173-199. Disponível em: <https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/janeh-2013-0001/html>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1515/janeh-2013-0001.
JACOBS, Bruno. Achaemenid Satrapies. Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2011 [2006]. Disponível em: <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenid-satrapies> Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
JACOBS, Bruno. Achaemenid Art - Art in the Achaemenid Empire. In: JACOBS, Bruno. ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021a, p. 749-768. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119071860.ch55>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch55.
JACOBS, Bruno. Satrapal Administration. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021b, p. 835-858. Disponível em: < https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch59> Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch59.
KELLENS, Jean. L’idéologie religieuse des inscriptions achéménides. Journal Asiatique, 290.2, 2002, p. 417-464. Disponível em: <https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=504298&journal_code=JA>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.2143/JA.290.2.504298.
KELLENS, Jean. The Achaemenids and the Avesta. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021, p. 1211-1220. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch84>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch84.
KHATCHADOURIAN, Lori. Imperial matter: Ancient Persia and the archaeology of empires. Oakland: University of California Press, 2016. Disponível em : <https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1ffjn7j>. Acesso em : 26 jun. 2022.
KIPP, Godehard. Franz Hampl, Herodot und die Thronbesteigung des Dareios. In: HAIDER, Peter; ROLLINGER, Robert (eds.). Althistorische Studien im Spannungsfeld zwischen Universal und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Fetschrift für Franz Hampl gedacht zum 90. Geburtstag am 8. Dezember 2000. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, p. 158-265.
KLEBER, Kristin (ed.). Taxation in the Achaemenid Empire. Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz, 2021.
KOSMIN, Paul J. A New Hypothesis: The Behistun Inscription as Imperial Calendar. Iran: Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies, 2018, p. 1-10. Disponível em : <https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2018.1505442> Acesso em : 26 jun. 2022. doi : https://doi.org/10.1080/05786967.2018.1505442.
LENFANT, Dominique. Les perses vus par les grecs: lire les sources classiques sur l’Empire Achéménide. Paris: Armand Colin, 2011.
LEROUGE, Charlotte. L’image des Parthes dans le monde gréco-romain: du début du Ier siècle av. J.-C. jusqu’à la fin du Haut-Empire romain. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2007.
LINCOLN, Bruce. Religion, empire & torture: the case of Achaemenid Persia, with a postscript on Abu Ghraib. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2007.
MACEDO, José Marcos. O Espelho de Príncipes de Dario (DNb): Tradução do Persa Antigo com Breves Comentários Linguísticos. Translatio. Porto Alegre, n. 19, Outubro de 2020, p. 41-56. Disponível em: <https://www.seer.ufrgs.br/translatio/article/view/105576>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
MATHESON, Sylvia A. Persia: An Archaeological Guide. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1979.
OLMSTEAD, Albert Ten Eyck. History of the Persian Empire. Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 1948.
PIRNGRUBER, Reinhard. Jurisdiction. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021, p. 1087-1096. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch75>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch75.
ROLLINGER, Robert. Royal Strategies of Representation and the Language(s) of Power: Some Considerations on the Audience and the Dissemination of the Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions. In: PROCHÁZKA, Stephen; REINFANDT, Lucian; TOST, Sven; WAGENSONNER, Klaus (eds.). Official Epistolography and the Language(s) of Power: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of the NFN ‘Imperium and Officium’: Comparative Studies in Ancient Bureaucracy and Officialdom. University of Vienna, 10-12 Nov., 2010, Papyrologica Vindobonensia, vol. 8. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademia der Wissenschaften, 2015, p. 117-130.
ROOT, Margaret Cool. The King and Kingship in Achaemenid Art: Essays on the Creation of an Iconography of Empire. Leiden: Brill, 1979.
ROOT, Margaret Cool. Defining the divine in Achaemenid Persian kingship. In: DUINDAM, Jeroen. MITCHELL, Lynette; MELVILLE, Charles (eds.). Every inch a king: comparative studies on kings and kingship in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2013, p. 23-66.
ROOT, Margaret Cool. Statuary and Relief. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021, p. 1377-1396. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch94>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch94.
ROSSI, Adriano Valerio. Once again on DB / AE L and DB / OP iv 89-92. In: SCHMITT, Rüdiger; ROSSI, Adriano Valerio; PANAINO, Antonio; FILIPPONE, Ela; SADOVSKI, Velizar. (eds.). Achaimenidika 1. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, p. 31-54, 2020.
ROSSI, Adriano Valerio. Languages and Script. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021a, p. 53-60. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch4>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch4.
ROSSI, Adriano Valerio. The Inscriptions of the Achaemenids. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021b, p. 75-86. Disponível em: <https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch6> Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch6.
SCHWINGHAMMER, Gundula. Imperial Crisis. In: JACOBS, Bruno; ROLLINGER, Robert. (eds.). A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. 2 Vols. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2021, p. 417-428. Disponível em: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781119071860.ch30. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119071860.ch30.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. Epigraphisch-exegetische Noten zu Dareios’ Bīsutūn Inschriften. Viena: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. BISOTUN i. Introduction. Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. IV, fasc. 3, 2000, p. 289-290. Disponível em: <https://iranicaonline.org/articles/bisotun-i>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. Pseudo-Altpersische Inschriften: Inschriftenfälschungen und moderne Nachbildungen in altpersischer Keilschrift. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2007.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. Dāta. Encyclopaedia Iranica, vol. VII, fasc. 1, 2011 [1994], p. 114-115. Disponível em: <http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/data>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
SCHMITT, Rüdiger. Wörterbuch der altpersischen Königsinschriften. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2014.
SKJÆRVØ, Prods Oktor. Avestan Quotations in Old Persian? Literary Sources of the Old Persian Inscriptions. In: SHAKED, Shaul; NETZER, Amnon (eds.). Irano-Judaica IV. Jerusalem: Ben Zvi Institute, 1999, p. 1-64.
SKJÆRVØ, Prods Oktor. Old Iranian. In: WINDFUHR, Gernot (ed.). The Iranian Languages. London and New York: Routledge, 2009, p. 43-195.
SKJÆRVØ, Prods Oktor. Achaemenid religion. Religion Compass, vol. 8, n. 6, 2014, p. 175-187. Disponível em: <https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rec3.12110>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/rec3.12110.
SPAWFORTH, Antony. Symbol of unity? The Persian-Wars tradition in the Roman Empire. In: Hornblower, Simon (ed.). Greek historiography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994, p. 233-247.
STOLPER, Matthew Wolfgang. Elamite. In: WOODARD, Roger (ed.). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the world’s ancient languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p. 60-94.
STOLPER, Matthew Wolfgang. Achaemenid languages and inscriptions. In: CURTIS, John; TALLIS, Nigel (eds.). Forgotten Empire: the world of Ancient Persia. London: The British Museum Press, 2005, p. 18-24.
STOLPER, Matthew Wolfgang. ‘His own death’ in Bisotun and Persepolis. ARTA: Achaemenid Research on Texts and Archaeology, n. 2, 2015, p. 1-28. Disponível em: <http://www.achemenet.com/document/ARTA_2015.002-Stolper.pdf> Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022.
STRONACH, David. Of Cyrus, Darius and Alexander: a new look at the epitaphs of Cyrus the Great. In: DITTMANN, Reinhard; HROUDA, Barthel; LÖW, Ulrike; MATTHIAE, Paolo; MAYER-OPIFICIUS, Ruth Mayer; THÜRWÄCHTER, Sabine (eds.). Variatio Delectat: Iran und der Westen, Gedenkschrift für Peter Calmeyer. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2000, p. 681-703.
TANCK, Claudia. Archē, ethnos, polis: Untersuchungen zur begrifflichen Erfassung des Achämenidenreiches in zeitgenössischen griechischen Quellen. Berlim, Bern, Nova Iorque, Paris, Viena: Peter Lang, 1997.
TUPLIN, Christopher. The administration of the Achaemenid empire. In: CARRADICE, Ian (ed.). Coinage and Administration in the Athenian and Persian Empires. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 147, 1987, p. 109-66.
VALLAT, François. Darius, l’héritier légitime, et les premiers Achéménides. In: ÁLVAREZ-MON, Javier; GARRISON, Mark (eds.). Elam and Persia. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2011, p. 263-284.
WATERS, Matt. Darius and the Achaemenid line. Ancient History Bulletin, vol. 10, 1996, p. 11-18.
WATERS, Matt. Cyrus and the Achaemenids. Iran, vol. 42, 2004, p. 91-102. Disponível em: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/4300665>. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2022. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4300665.
WATERS, Matt. King of the World: The Life of Cyrus the Great. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
WIESEHÖFER, Josef. Ancient Persia: from 550 BC to 650 AD. Traduzido por Azizeh Azodi. 2ª edição. Londres, Nova Iorque: I. B. Tauris Publishers, 2001 [1996].
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Matheus Treuk Medeiros de Araujo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (CC BY). Esta licença permite que outros distribuam, remixem, adaptem e criem a partir do seu trabalho, mesmo para fins comerciais, desde que lhe atribuam o devido crédito pela criação original. É a licença mais flexível de todas as licenças disponíveis. É recomendada para maximizar a disseminação e uso dos materiais licenciados.
- Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto antes ou durante o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
Cómo citar
Datos de los fondos
-
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
Números de la subvención 2016/14318-0 -
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Números de la subvención 88881.135183/2016-01 -
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Números de la subvención 141789/2016-6
