Do clean development mechanismspromote sustainabledevelopment in Brazil?a cross-sectoral investigation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-09-2021-0176Keywords:
Clean development mechanism, Sustainable developmentAbstract
Purpose – This paper intends to verify the extent to which Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects intend to contribute to sustainable development (SD) in Brazil, one of the top three leading countries in terms of the number of CDM projects. The authors assess the impact of CDMs not only in environmental aspects, but also social and economic ones.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors define a set of qualitative sustainability indicators and scrutinize documents regarding a sample of almost half of all the projects registered in Brazil between 2004 and 2020 (219 projects).
Findings – The findings of this study contradict many previous studies finding very limited evidence of SD in CDMs in many different countries: most projects in Brazil intend to contribute to some extent with SD, with 91% and 75% claiming to improve social and economic aspects, respectively.
Practical implications – The authors derive lessons from Brazil that can be used in other researches. Social implications – The authors derive lessons from Brazil and propose paths for public policy toward encouraging sustainable development.
Originality/value – The empirical data set relies on data collected directly from each of the projects in Brazil (roughly half of all of them) between 2004 and 2020. This is not only up to date, but pushes further the analytical scope of previous works.
Downloads
References
Ba, F., Thiers, P. R., & Liu, Y. (2018). The evolution of China’s emission trading mechanisms: From international offset market to domestic Emission Trading Scheme. Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 36(7), 1214-1233.
Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Report of the World Commission on environment and development:" our common future.". UN.
Costa-Júnior, A., Pasini, K., & Andrade, C. (2013). Clean development mechanism in Brazil: an instrument for technology transfer and the promotion of cleaner technologies?. Journal of Cleaner Production, 46, 67-73.
Cole, J. C., & Roberts, J. T. (2011). Lost opportunities? A comparative assessment of social development elements of six hydroelectricity CDM projects in Brazil and Peru. Climate and Development, 3(4), 361-379.
Convenção Quadro Das Nações Unidas Sobre Mudança de Clima – CQNUMC. Protocolo de Kyoto à Convenção sobre Mudança do Clima (1997). Editado e traduzido pelo Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia – MCT com o apoio do Ministério das Relações Exteriores. Avaiable: <http://www.mct.gov.br/clima/quioto/protocolo.htm>. Access: Oct, 2004.
Dechezleprêtre, A., Glachant, M., & Ménière, Y. (2009). Technology transfer by CDM projects: A comparison of Brazil, China, India and Mexico. Energy policy, 37(2), 703-711.
Dirix, J., Peeters, W., & Sterckx, S. (2016). Is the Clean Development Mechanism delivering benefits to the poorest communities in the developing world? A critical evaluation and proposals for reform. Environment, development and sustainability, 18(3), 839-855.
Doranova, A., Costa, I., & Duysters, G. (2010). Knowledge base determinants of technology sourcing in clean development mechanism projects. Energy Policy, 38(10), 5550-5559.
Elkington, J. (2004). Enter The Triple Bottom Line.[Online] Available at: www. johnelkington. com. TBL-elkington-chapter. pdf.
Franguetto, F.W., & Gazani, F. R. (2002) Viabilização Jurídica Do Mecanismo De desenvolvimento limpo (MDL) no Brasil. Editora Fundação Peirópolis, São Paulo.
Godoy, S. G. M. D (2013). Projetos de redução de emissões de gases de efeito estufa: desempenho e custos de transação. Revista de Administração (São Paulo), 48, 310-326.
Godoy, S. G. M. D., & Saes, M. S. M. (2016). A solution for an externality, greenhouse gases: carbon market. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 15(4), 369-391.
Kim, J. A. (2004). Sustainable development and the clean development mechanism: a South African case study. The Journal of Environment & Development, 13(3), 201-219.
Lazaro, L. L. B., & Gremaud, A. P. (2017). Contribuição para o desenvolvimento sustentável dos projetos de mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo na América Latina. Organizações & Sociedade, 24, 53-72.
Lazaro, L.L.B., Mekki-Téry, N. A.; Simões, A.F. & Gnaccarini, I.
(2018). Governance and Sustainable Development: Participation of Local Stakeholders in Clean Development Mechanism Projects in Brazil. Cuadernos de Geografía: Revista Colombiana de Geografía, 27(2):227-241.
Lopes, I. G. V. (2002). O mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo: guia de orientação. FGV Editora.
MCTI. Futuro do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo MDL. Comissão Interministerial de Mudança Global do Clima CIMGC. Relatório de Atividades (2015). Available on: http://www.mctic.gov.br/mctic/export/sites/institucional/ciencia/SEPED/clima/arquivos/publicacoes_cimgc/Relatorio-Anual-2015.pdf. Access: sept 2019.
MCTI. Resolução nº 1 de 11 de setembro de 2003 A Comissão Interministerial de Mudança Global do Clima, criada pelo Decreto de 7 de julho de 1999, no uso de suas atribuições conforme o artigo 3º, incisos III e IV. Available: https://www.mctic.gov.br/mctic/export/sites/institucional/ciencia/SEPED/clima/arquivos/legislacao_cimgc/Resolucao-n-1-de-11-de-setembro-de-2003.pdf
MCTIC. Projetos MDL aprovados. Available: http://www.mctic.gov.br/mctic/opencms/ciencia/SEPED/clima/mecanismo_de_desenvolvimento_limpo/submetidos/aprovados_termos_resolucao_1/aprovados.html. Access: May 2020.
MCTIC. Resolução nº 1 de 11 de setembro de 2003.Avaiable: https://antigo.mctic.gov.br/mctic/export/sites/institucional/ciencia/SEPED/clima/arquivos/legislacao_cimgc/Resolucao-n-1-de-11-de-setembro-de-2003.pdf. Access: Apr 2021.
MCTIC. Anexo III da Resolução n° 1 da CIMGC. Projeto MDL Cachoeirão (JUN1092). Avaiable: https://antigo.mctic.gov.br/mctic/export/sites/institucional/ciencia/SEPED/clima/mecanismo_de_desenvolvimento_limpo/submetidos/aprovados_termos_resolucao_1/publicacoes/292/Anexo-III-da-Resolucao-n1.pdf. Access: Feb 2022.
Michaelowa, A., Shishlov, I., & Brescia, D. (2019). Evolution of international carbon markets: lessons for the Paris Agreement. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 10(6), e613.
Mori-Clement, Y. (2019). Impacts of CDM projects on sustainable development: improving living standards across Brazilian municipalities? World Development, 113, 222-236.
Mori-Clement, Y., & Bednar-Friedl, B. (2019). Do clean development mechanism projects generate local employment? Testing for sectoral effects across Brazilian municipalities. Ecological economics, 157, 47-60.
Olsen, K. H., Arens, C., & Mersmann, F. (2018). Learning from CDM SD tool experience for Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement. Climate Policy, 18(4), 383-395.
Olsen, K. H., & Fenhann, J. (2008). Sustainable development benefits of clean development mechanism projects: A new methodology for sustainability assessment based on text analysis of the project design documents submitted for validation. Energy policy, 36(8), 2819-2830.
ONU. Organizações das Nações Unidas. 17 Objetivos para Mudar o Mundo. Available: https://nacoesunidas.org/pos2015/agenda2030/. Access, jun 2020.
Pereira, A. S. (2002) Do Fundo ao Mecanismo: Gênese, características e perspectivas para o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo; ao encontro ou de encontro à equidade? Tese de mestrado do Programa de Planejamento Energético/COPPE/UFRJ. Avaiable: <http://www.ppe.ufrj.br >. Acess, mar 2005.
Sachs, J. D. (2005). The development challenge. foreign affairs, 78-90.
Seres, S., & Haites, E. (2008). Analysis of technology transfer in CDM projects. Report prepared for the UNFCCC Registration and Issuance Unit CDM/SDM.
Shishlov, I. (2015). 11 Trendsetter for projects: the Clean Development Mechanism. Accounting for carbon: Monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions in the climate economy, 341.
Shishlov, I., & Bellassen, V. (2016). Review of the experience with monitoring uncertainty requirements in the Clean Development Mechanism. Climate Policy, 16(6), 703-731.
Siedenburg, J., Brown, S., & Hoch, S. (2016). Voices from the field–carbon markets and rural poverty as seen from Madagascar and Mali. Climate and development, 8(1), 10-25.
Sutter, C., & Parreño, J. C. (2007). Does the current Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) deliver its sustainable development claim? An analysis of officially registered CDM projects. Climatic change, 84(1), 75-90.
Uddin, N., Blommerde, M., Taplin, R., & Laurence, D. (2015). Sustainable development outcomes of coal mine methane clean development mechanism Projects in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 45, 1-9.
Unep Risoe. Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development (URC) (2020). CDM Pipeline overview. CDM pipeline overview. Available: http://www.cdmpipeline.org/. Access: May, 2020.
UNFCCC. United Nation Framework Climate Change. Kyoto Protocol (1997). Access: Jul, 2011. Available: https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf
UNFCCC. United Nation Framework Climate Change. Access: Sep, 2020. Available : https://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/projsearch.html
