Motivação dos professores para o ensino na educação superior: validação portuguesa de um questionário
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4327e3104Palavras-chave:
Motivação intrínseca, Professores, Ensino superiorResumo
A motivação para ensinar é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de ensino superior de qualidade, pois determina o investimento dos professores em experiências de aprendizagem de qualidade para os seus estudantes, bem como a eficácia e bem-estar institucionais. O estudo teve por objetivo a validação de um questionário, originalmente desenvolvido na Bélgica, destinado a avaliar três dimensões (autoeficácia, interesse e esforço) sobre motivação intrínseca para ensinar, para uma população nacional distinta. A amostra é composta por 616 acadêmicos que trabalham em instituições públicas de ensino superior em Portugal. Realizou-se a análise fatorial confirmatória e a consistência interna dos itens para cada uma das dimensões avaliadas. Os resultados mostram que a dimensionalidade original do constructo é confirmada na amostra portuguesa, sendo a motivação para o ensino explicada principalmente pelos seguintes fatores: eficácia pessoal, interesse pelo trabalho e esforço nas responsabilidades de ensino. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre eficácia pessoal geral e eficácia pessoal contextual.
Downloads
Referências
Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2016). Teachers’ views of their school climate and its relationship with teacher self-efficacy and job satisfaction. Learning Environments Research, 19(2), 291-307. doi:10.1007/s10984-015-9198-x
Armor, D. J., Conry-Oseguera, P., Cox, M., King, N. J., McDonnell, L. M., Pascal, A. H., … Zellman, G. L. (1976). Analysis of the school preferred reading programs in selected Los Angeles minority schools. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reports/2005/R2007.pdf
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: Worth.
Bandura, A., Azzi, R. G., & Polydoro, S. (2008). Teoria social cognitiva: Conceitos básicos [Cognitive social theory: Basic concepts]. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
Blaskova, M., Blasko, R., Figurska, I., & Sokol, A. (2015). Motivation and development of the university teachers’ motivational competence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 182, 116-126. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.746
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49(1), 14-23. doi:10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
Dybowski, C., & Harendza, S. (2015). Validation of the Physician Teaching Motivation Questionnaire (PTMQ). BMC Medical Education, 15, 166. doi:10.1186/s12909-015-0448-5
Dybowski, C., Sehner, S., & Harendza, S. (2017). Influence of motivation, self-efficacy and situational factors on the teaching quality of clinical educators. BMC Medical Education, 17, 84. doi:10.1186/s12909-017-0923-2
El Alfy, S., & David, S. A. (2017). Investigating organisational justice in higher education in UAE. International Journal of Management in Education, 11(2), 163-187. doi:10.1504/IJMIE.2017.083355
Esdar, W., Gorges, J., & Wild, E. (2015). The role of basic need satisfaction for junior academics’ goal conflicts and teaching motivation. Higher Education, 72(2), 175-190. doi:10.1007/s10734-015-9944-0
Flores, M. A., & Niklasson, L. (2014). Why do student teachers enroll for a teaching degree? A study of teacher recruitment in Portugal and Sweden. Journal of Education for Teaching: International Research and Pedagogy, 40(4), 328-343. doi:10.1080/02607476.2014.929883
Garcia, N. R., & Boruchovitch, E. (2014). Atribuições de causalidade para o desempenho escolar e resiliência em estudantes [Causal attributions for school performance and resilience of students]. Psico-USF, 19(2), 277-286. doi:10.1590/1413-82712014019002003
Gibson, S., & Dembo, M. H. (1984). Teacher efficacy: A construct validation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76(4), 569-582. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.76.4.569
Gunersel, A. B., Kaplan, A., Barnett, P., Etienne, M., & Ponnock, A. R. (2016). Profiles of change in motivation for teaching in higher education at an American research university. Teaching in Higher Education, 21(6), 628-643. doi:10.1080/13562517.2016.1163668
Han, J., & Yin, H. (2016). Teacher motivation: Definition, research development and implications for teachers. Cogent Education, 3(1), 1217819. doi:10.1080/2331186X.2016.1217819
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Iacobucci, D. (2009). Everything you always wanted to know about SEM (structural equations modeling) but were afraid to ask. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(4), 673-680. doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.002
Inigo, M., & Raufaste, E. (2019). Academics’ motivations explain time-allocation and well-being at work. European Review of Applied Psychology, 69(1), 19-30. doi:10.1016/j.erap.2018.11.002
Katz, I., & Shahar, B.-H. (2015). What makes a motivating teacher? Teachers’ motivation and beliefs as predictors of their autonomy-supportive style. School Psychology International, 36(6), 575-588. doi:10.1177/0143034315609969
Kheir-Faddul, N., & Dănăiaţă, D. (2019). The influence of leadership style on teachers’ job motivation and satisfaction in the Druze sector of Israel. Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business, 12(1), 17-42. doi:10.2478/tjeb-2019-0002
Kiziltepe, K. (2008). Motivation and demotivation of university teachers. Teachers and Teaching, 14(5-6), 515-530. doi:10.1080/13540600802571361
Lam, W.-H. (2012). The study of teacher efficacy in Hong Kong sub-degree sector. Education Research International, 2012, 265293. doi:10.1155/2012/265293
indawi Publishing Corporation
Education Research International
Volume 2012, Article ID 265293, 6 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/265293
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Education Research International
Volume 2012, Article ID 265293, 6 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/265293
Machado-Taylor, M. L., Soares, V. M., Brites, R., Ferreira, J. B., Farhangmehr, M., Gouveia, O. M. R., & Peterson, M. (2016). Academic job satisfaction and motivation: Findings from a nationwide study in Portuguese higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 41(3), 541-559. doi:10.1080/03075079.2014.942265
Miller, A. D., Ramirez, E. M., & Murdock, T. B. (2017). The influence of teachers’ self-efficacy on perceptions: Perceived teacher competence and respect and student effort and achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 64, 260-269. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2017.02.008
O’Keefe, P. A., Dweck, C. S., & Walton, G. M. (2018). Implicit theories of interest: Finding your passion or developing it? Psychological Science, 29(10), 1653-1664. doi:10.1177/0956797618780643
Oliden, P. E., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada [Reliability coefficients for ordinal response scales]. Psicothema 20(4), 896-901. Retrieved from http://www.psicothema.com/pdf/3572.pdf
Palermo, C., & Thomson, M. M. (2019). Large-scale assessment as professional development: Teachers’ motivations, ability beliefs, and values. Teacher Development, 23(2), 192-212. doi:10.1080/13664530.2018.1536612
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Ramos, M. P. H., Ramos, E. M. L., Pontes, F. A. R., Casanova, D. C. G., Silva, S. S. C., & Azzi, R G. (2018). Characterization of basic education teachers based on the Social Cognitive Model of Job Satisfaction. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 28, e2811. doi:10.1590/1982-4327e2811
Raykov, T. (2001). Estimation of congeneric scale reliability using covariance structure analysis with nonlinear constraints. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 54(Pt 2), 315-323. doi:10.1348/000711001159582
Saglam, A. C. (2007). Motivation of academics: An empirical assessment of Herzberg’s theory. International Journal of Educational Reform, 16(3), 260-274. doi:10.1177/105678790701600302
Schiefele, U. (2009). Situation and individual interests. In K. R. Wentzel & A. Wigfield (Eds.), Handbook of motivation at school (pp. 197-222). New York, NY: Routledge.
Schiefele, U., & Schaffner, E. (2015). Teacher interests, mastery goals, and self-efficacy as predictors of instructional practices and student motivation. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 159-171. doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.06.005
Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017). Motivated for teaching? Associations with school goal structure, teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 152-160. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.006
Slavich, G. M., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2012). Transformational teaching: Theoretical underpinnings, basic principles, and core methods. Educational Psychology Review, 24(4), 569-608. doi:10.1007/s10648-012-9199-6
Schneider, M., & Preckel, F. (2017). Variables associated with achievement in higher education: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 143(6), 565- 600. doi:10.1037/bul0000098
Stankovska, G., Angelkoska, S., Osmani, F., & Grncarovska, S. P. (2017). Job motivation and job satisfaction among academic staff in higher education. In N. Popov, C. Wolhuter, J. Kalin, G. Hilton, J. Ogunleye, E. Niemczyk, & O. Chigisheva (Eds.), Current business and economics driven discourse and education: Perspectives from around the world (Vol. 15, pp. 159-166). Sofia, Bulgaria: Bulgarian Comparative Education Society.
Uiterwijk-Luijk, L., Krüger, M., Zijlstra, B., & Volman, M. (2017). Inquiry-based leadership: The influence of affective attitude, experienced social pressure and self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Administration, 55(5), 492-509. doi:10.1108/JEA-12-2015-0114
Veiga-Simão, A.-M., Flores, M.-A., Barros, A., Fernandes, S., & Mesquita, D. (2015). Perceptions of university teachers about teaching and the quality of pedagogy in higher education: A study in Portugal. Infancia y Aprendizaje: Journal for the Study of Education and Development, 38(1), 102-143. doi:10.1080/02103702.2014.996408
Viseu, J., Jesus, S. N., Rus, C., Canavarro, J. M., & Pereira, J. (2016). Relationship between teacher motivation and organizational variables: A literature review. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 26(63), 111-120. doi:10.1590/1982-43272663201613
Visser-Wijnveen, G. J., Stes, A., & Van Petegem, P. (2012). Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring teachers’ motivations for teaching in higher education. Higher Education, 64(3), 421-436. doi:10.1007/s10734-011-9502-3
Visser-Wijnveen, G. J., Stes, A., & Van Petegem, P. (2014). Clustering teachers' motivations for teaching. Teaching in Higher Education, 19(6), 644-656. doi:10.1080/13562517.2014.901953
Weiner, B. (2000). Intrapersonal and interpersonal theories of motivation from an attributional perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 12(1), 1-14. doi:10.1023/A:1009017532121
Yada, A., Tolvanen, A., Malinen, O. P., Imai-Matsumura, K., Shimada, H., Koike, R., & Savolainen, H. (2019). Teachers' self-efficacy and the sources of efficacy: A cross-cultural investigation in Japan and Finland. Teaching and Teacher Education, 81, 13-24. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2019.01.014
Zabalza, M. A. (2007). La enseñanza universitária: El escenario y sus protagonistas [University teaching: The scenery and its actors]. Madrid, España: Narcea.
Zee, M., & Koomen, H. M. Y. (2016). Teacher self-efficacy and its effects on classroom processes, student academic adjustment, and teacher well-being: A synthesis of 40 years of research. Review of Educational Research, 86(4), 981-1015. doi:10.3102/0034654315626801
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Em relação à disponibilidade dos conteúdos, a Paidéia adota a Licença Creative Commons, CC-BY. Com essa licença é permitido copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato, bem como remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial, conferindo os devidos créditos autorais para à revista, fornecendo link para a licença e indicando se foram feitas alterações.
Reprodução parcial de outras publicações
Citações com mais de 500 palavras, reprodução de uma ou mais figuras, tabelas ou outras ilustrações devem ter permissão escrita do detentor dos direitos autorais do trabalho original para a reprodução especificada na revista Paidéia. A permissão deve ser endereçada ao autor do manuscrito submetido. Os direitos obtidos secundariamente não serão repassados em nenhuma circunstância.