Temporal patterns of picoplankton abundance and metabolism on the western coast of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Keywords:
Flow cytometry, Bacterioplankton, Picoeukaryotes, Carbon cyclingAbstract
Picoplankton are central global carbon (C) cycling players and often dominate the ocean plankton communities,
especially in low latitudes. Therefore, evaluating picoplankton temporal dynamics is critical to understanding
microbial stocks and C fluxes in tropical oceans. However, the lack of studies on low-latitude picoplankton
communities translates into a common conception that there is an absence of seasonality. Herein, we studied the
temporal variation in abundance (measured by flow cytometry), and carbon flux (taking bacterial production and
respiration as proxies) of the picoplanktonic community for the first time, as well as their environmental drivers
in a low-latitude (05° 59’ 20.7″S 035° 05’ 14.6″W) Atlantic coastal station. We performed monthly samplings
between February 2013 and August 2016 in a novel microbial observatory – hereafter called the Equatorial Atlantic
Microbial Observatory – established on the northeastern Brazilian Atlantic coast. Our results revealed stability
in temporal dynamics of picoplankton, despite a considerable inter-annual variation, with some related to the El
Niño (ENSO) event in 2015. However, weak environmental relationships found were not enough to explain the
variation in picoplankton’s abundance, which suggests that other factors such as biological interactions may lead
to picoplankton abundance variation over time. Heterotrophic bacteria dominated picoplankton during the entire
study period and between photosynthetic counterparts, and Synechococcus showed greater relative importance
than picoeukaryotes. These results bring a novel perspective that picoplankton may exhibit more pronounced
fluctuations in the tropical region when considering inter-annual intervals, and is increasing prokaryotic contribution
to carbon cycling towards the equator.
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