Multi-indicators of environmental pollution in the Olaria system, Cananéia, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Keywords:
Water quality, Biomarkers, Fish, Estuary, Escherichia coliAbstract
The assessment of water quality using multiple abiotic and biological indicators is very important for understanding
anthropogenic impacts and the health of the ecosystem. The Olaria is a short river system that flows into the Cananéia
estuary. This aquatic system crosses the urban center of the city of Cananéia, where it eventually receives untreated
domestic wastewater. This study aims to apply multi-indicators of environmental pollution to understand the influence of
the Olaria system on the Cananéia estuary. For this purpose, indicators of water quality and genotoxic and pathological
responses in fish were used. Data on salinity, pH, and silicates in surface water indicate a more accentuated
continental influence in the inner part of the Olaria river system. Moreover, the data recorded on the inner area of the
Olaria system, which presents lower hydrodynamic characteristics and the largest urban population, indicated the
presence of dissolved oxygen and nutrients (phosphate [P-PO4
-3], nitrite [N-NO2
-
], and ammonium [N-NH4
+
]) at levels
that exceed the established limits for water quality by the Brazilian environmental legislation (Conselho Nacional
do Meio Ambiente - CONAMA). The presence of Escherichia coli in all analyzed water samples indicates a local
or point source of domestic wastewater contamination near the Olaria system. Fish species such as Centropomus
undecimalis (Robalo Flexa) and Sphoeroides testudineus (Baiacu Pintado) showed toxicogenetic damage, indicating
clastogenic and/or aneugenic exposure in the aquatic environment. Hepatic pathologies such as pyknosis nuclei,
inflammation, hepatocyte swelling, and necrosis were found in all specimens evaluated, and C. undecimallis exhibited
all these pathological changes. These results highlight the importance of biomonitoring the effects of anthropogenic
disturbance on the aquatic biota that frequent the Olaria system and are dependent on the water quality.
References
Almeida, A. P. 1961. Memória histórica sobre Cananéia.
Revista de História, 22(45), 191–237. DOI: https://doi.org/
11606/issn.2316-9141.rh.1961.120200
Amaral, T., Miyasaki, F., Braga, E. & Azevedo, J. 2021.
Temporal and spatial toxicogenetic damage in estuarine
catfish Cathorops spixii from a marine protected area
with evidence of anthropogenic influences. Science of
The Total Environment, 799, 149409. DOI: https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149409
Aminot, A. & Chaussepied, M. 1983. Manuel des analyses
chimiques en milieu marin. Brest: CNEXO.
Aminot, A. & Kerouel, R. 1982. Automatic-determination
of urea in sea-water – A sensible method using
diacetilmonoxime. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences, 39, 174-183.
Armstrong, F. A. J. & Tibbitts, S. 1968. Photochemical
combustion of organic matter in sea water, for nitrogen,
phosphorus and carbon determination. Journal
of the Marine Biological Association of the United
Kingdom, 48(1), 143–152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/
s0025315400032483
Azevedo, J. de S., Braga, E. de S. & Ribeiro, C. A. O. 2012.
Nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes and morphometric
indexes in the catfish Cathorops spixii (Ariidae) from
different sites on the southeastern Brazilian coast.
Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 60(3), 323–330.
Azevedo, J. S., Braga, E. S., Assis, H. C. S. de & Ribeiro,
C. A. O. 2013. Biochemical changes in the liver
and gill of Cathorops spixii collected seasonally in
two Brazilian estuaries under varying influences of
anthropogenic activities. Ecotoxicology and Environmental
Safety, 96, 220–230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ecoenv.2013.06.021
Barcellos, R. L., Berbel, G. B. B., Braga, E. S. & Furtado,
V. V. 2005. Distribuição e características do fósforo
sedimentar no sistema estuarino lagunar de CananéiaIguape, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Geochimica
Brasiliensis, 19(1), 22–36.
Braga, E. S. 2020. Total Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Determination inCoastal South Atlantic Water Based on
UV Oxidation Method. American Journal of Sciences
and Engineering Research, 3(6), 60–66.
Carpenter, K. E. (ed.). 2002a. The Living Marine Resources
of the Western Central Atlantic (Vol. 2: Bony fishes
part 1 (Acipenseridae to Grammatidae)). Rome: FAO.
Carpenter, K. E. (ed.). 2002b. The Living Marine Resources
of the Western Central Atlantic (Vol. 3: Bony fishes
part 2 (Opistognathidae to Molidae), sea turtles and
marine mammals). Rome: FAO.
Carrasco, K. R., Tilbury, K. L. & Myers, M. S. 1990.
Assessment of the Piscine Micronucleus Test as an
in situ Biological indicator of Chemical Contaminant
Effects. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic
Sciences, 47(11), 2123–2136. DOI: https://doi.
org/10.1139/f90-237
Figueiredo, J. l. & Menezes, N. A. 1978. Manual de peixes
marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. II Teleostei. Museu de
Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo.
Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K. & Ehrhardt, M. (eds.). 1983.
Methods of Seawater Analysis (2nd ed.). Hoboken:
Wiley. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527613984
Harari, J. 2022. Tábuas das marés de Ubatuba, Santos
e Cananéia para os anosde 2022 e 2023 (resreport).
Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo.
Environmental pollution in Olaria river
Ocean and Coastal Research 2023, v71(suppl 1):e23040 7
da Silva et al.
Retrieved from https://www.io.usp.br/images/publicacoes/
tabuas/tab_res_2022-2023.1.pdf
IBGE (INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E
ESTATÍSTICA). 2020. Cidades IBGE. Rio de Janeiro:
IBGE. Retrieved from: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade.
Plano de manejo: área de proteção ambiental
Cananeia-Iguapé-Peruíbe, SP. Brasília, DF: Ministério
do Meio Ambiente.
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. 2022. Catálogo de
estações automáticas. Ministério da Agricultura e
Pecuária. Brasília, DF: INMET.
Mishima, M., Yamanaka, N., Pereira, O. M., Soares, F.
C., Sinque, C., Akaboshi, S. & Jacobsen, O. 1985.
Hidrografia do complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia
(25°S, 048°W). São Paulo, Brasil. I Salinidade e
temperatura (1973 a 1980). Boletim Do Instituto de
Pesca, 12(3), 109–121.
Solórzano, L. 1969. Determination of Ammonia in Natural
Waters by the Phenolhypochlorite Method. Limnology
and Oceanography, 14, 799-801.
van der Oost, R., Beyer, J. & Vermeulen, N. P. E. 2003.
Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental
risk assessment: a review. Environmental Toxicology
and Pharmacology, 13(2), 57–149. DOI: https://doi.org/
1016/s1382-6689(02)00126-6
Strickland, J. D. H. & Parsons, T. R. 1968. A practical
handbook of seawater analyses. Ottawa: Fisheries
Research Board of Canada.
World Health Organization. 1993. Biomarkers and Risk
Assessment: Concepts and Principles. International
Programme on Chemical Safety.
Yancheva, V. 2016. Histological biomarkers in fish as a tool
in ecological risk assessment and monitoring programs:
A review. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,
(1), 47–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1401_047075
