Frailty Syndrome, pulmonary and functional capacity in patients with HIV/AIDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/19029128012021Keywords:
HIV Infections, Comorbidity, Total Lung CapacityAbstract
This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of frailty syndrome and its relationship with lung function, functional capacity, and disease-related variables in HIVinfected patients. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with quantitative data analysis. The sample consisted of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, without previous locomotion limitations. The frailty syndrome was evaluated by the frailty phenotype, punctuated in the following items: unintentional weight loss, fatigue, reduced gait speed, physical activity level, and hand grip strength. Pulmonary function and
ventilatory muscle strength were assessed by spirometry and manovacuometry, while functional capacity was assessed by the six-minute walk test. Data analyses were performed with comparison tests, with a 5% significance level. All patients included in this study were scored on the frailty criterion. In total, 70% were fragile and 30% were classified as prefragile. There was a relation between impaired functional capacity, the prevalence of restrictive ventilatory disorder, and comorbidities in the fragile population when compared with the pre-fragile group. The findings of this study conclude that frailty syndrome affects the health of individuals with HIV/AIDS, with spirometry impairment, reduced functional capacity, and presence of comorbidities.
Downloads
References
Desquilbet L, Jacobson LP, Fried LP, Phair JP, Jamieson BD, Holloway M, et al. HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62(11):1279-86. doi: 10.1093/gerona/62.11.1279
Ianas V, Berg E, Mohler MJ, Wendel C, Klotz, SA. Antiretroviral therapy protects against frailty in HIV-1 infection. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2013;12(1):62-6. doi: 10.1177/1545109712457241
Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Jankowski CM, Duong S, MaWhinney S, Kohrt WM, et al. Risk factors for falls in HIV-infected persons. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012;61(4):484-
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3182716e38
Piggott DA, Erlandson KM, Yarasheski KE. Frailty in HIV: epidemiology, biology, measurement, interventions, and research needs. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2016;13(6):340-8. doi:
1007/s11904-016-0334-8
Walston J, Hadley EC, Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Newman AB, Studenski SA, et al. Research agenda for frailty in older adults: toward a better understanding of physiology and etiology: summary from the American Geriatrics Society/National Institute on Aging Research Conference on Frailty in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006;54(6):991-1001. doi:
1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00745.x
Richert L, Brault M, Mercié P, Dauchy FA, Bruyand M, Greib C, et al. Decline in locomotor functions over time in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2014;28(10):1441-9. doi: 10.1097/
QAD.0000000000000246
Gingo MR, George MP, Kessinger CJ, Lucht L, Rissler B, Weinman R, et al. Pulmonary function abnormalities in HIV-infected patients during the current antiretroviral therapy era. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(6):790-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1858OC
Campo M, Oursler KK, Huang L, Goetz MB, Rimland D, Hoo GS, et al. Association of chronic cough and pulmonary function with 6-minute walk test performance in HIV infection. J
Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;65(5):557-63. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000086
Ministério da Saúde (BR). Protocolo clínico e diretrizes terapêuticas para manejo da infecção pelo HIV em adultos. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde, 2013.
American Thoracic Society. Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;144(5):1202-18. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm144.5.1202
Duarte AAO, Pereira CAC, Rodrigues SCS. Validation of new brazilian predicted values for forced spirometry in caucasians and comparison with predicted values obtained using other
reference equations. J Bras Pneumol. 2007;33(5):527-35.
Souza RB. Pressões respiratórias estáticas máximas. J Pneumol. 2002;28(Supl 3):S155-65.
Neder JA, Andreoni S, Lerario MC, Nery LE. NeryReference values for lung function tests. I. Static volumes. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999;32(6):703-17.
ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories. ATS statement: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(1):111-7. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.166.1.at1102
Britto RR, Probst VS, Andrade AFD, Samora GAR, Hernandes NA, Marinho PEM, et al. Reference equations for the six-minute walk distance based on a Brazilian multicenter study. Braz J Phys
Ther. 2013;17(6):556-63. doi: 10.1590/S1413-35552012005000122
Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146-
doi: 10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146
Batistoni SST, Neri AL, Cupertino AP. Validade e confiabilidade da versão brasileira da center for epidemiological scale – depression (CES-D) em idosos brasileiros. Psico USF. 2010;15(1):13-22.
Benedetti TRB, Antunes PC, Rodriguez-Añez CR, Mazo GZ, Petroski EL. Reprodutibilidade e validade do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) em homens idosos.
Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2007;13(1):11-6.
Fess, EE. Documentation: essential elements of an upper extremity assessment battery. In: Hunter JM, Mackin EJ, Callahan AD. Rehabilitation of the hand: surgery and therapy.
th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995.
Bohannon, RW. Dynamometer measurements of hand-grip strength predict multiple outcomes. Percept Mot Skills. 2002;93(2):323-8. doi: 10.2466/pms.2001.93.2.323
Abellan van Kan G, Rolland Y, Andrieu S, Bauer J, Beauchet O, Bonnefoy M, et al. Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an
international academy on nutrition and aging (IANA) task force. J Nutr Health Aging. 2009;13(10):881-9. doi: 10.1007/s12603-009-0246-z
Malta M, Cardoso LO, Bastos FI, Magnanini MMF, da Silva CMFP. Iniciativa STROBE: subsídios para a comunicação de estudos observacionais. Rev Saúde Pública. 2010;44(3):559-65.
Shah K, Hilton TN, Myers L, Pinto JF, Luque AE, Hall WJ. A new frailty syndrome: Central obesity and frailty in older adults with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Am Geriatr Soc.
;60(3):545-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03819.x
Righetto RC, Reis RK, Reinato LAF, Gir E. Comorbidades e coinfecções em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. Rev Rene. 2014;15(6):942-8. doi: 10.15253/2175-6783.2014000600006
John M. The clinical implications of HIV infection and aging. Oral Dis. 2016;22(Suppl 1):79-86. doi: 10.1111/odi.12473
O’Dell MW, Crawford A, Bohi ES, Bonner FJ Jr. Disability in persons hospitalized with AIDS. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1991;70(2):91-5. doi: 10.1097/00002060-199104000-00008
Crothers K, Butt AA, Gibert CL, Rodriguez-Barradas MC, Crystal S, Justice AC, et al. Increased COPD among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative veterans. Chest. 2006;130(5):1326-
doi: 10.1378/chest.130.5.1326
George MP, Kannass M, Huang L, Sciurba FC, Morris A. Respiratory symptoms and airway obstruction in HIV-infected subjects in the HAART era. PLoS One. 2009;4(7):e6328. doi:
1371/journal.pone.0006328
Fernandes TAB, Trombeta A, Fraga JCS, Vieira RC Jr, Prestes J, et al. Efeitos do treinamento físico combinado realizado na intensidade do limiar anaeróbio sobre a composição corporal
e sistema imune de sujeitos com HIV. Rev Bras Ciênc Mo-v.2013;21(4):5-12.
Brito CJ, Mendes EL, Bastos AA, Nóbrega OT, Paula SO, Córdova C. O papel do exercício na era da terapia anti-retroviral fortemente ativa. Rev Bras Ciênc Mov. 2010;18(4):109-16.
Ortmeyer HK, Ryan AS, Hafer-Macko C, Oursler KK. Skeletal muscle cellular metab-olism in older HIV-infected men. Physiol Rep. 2016;4(9):e12794. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12794
Terzian AS, Holman S, Nathwani N, Robison E, Weber K, Young M, et al. Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women in the era of
cART. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2009;18(12):1965-74. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.1090
Oursler KK, Katzel LI, Smith BA, Scott WB, Russ DW, Sorkin JD. Prediction of cardiorespiratory fitness in older men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: clinical factors and
value of the six-minute walk distance. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57(11):2055-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02495.x
Richert L, Dehail P, Mercié P, Dauchy FA, Bruyand M, Greib C, et al. High frequency of poor locomotor performance in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 2011;25(6):797-805. doi: 10.1097/
QAD.0b013e3283455dff
Brown D, Claffey A, Harding R. Evaluation of a physiotherapy-led group rehabilitation intervention for adults living with HIV: referrals, adherence and outcomes. AIDS Care. 2016;28(12):1495-505. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1191611
Erlandson KM, Allshouse AA, Jankowski CM, MaWhinney S, Kohrt WM, Campbell TB. Functional impairment is associated with low bone and muscle mass among persons aging with HIV-Infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(2):209-15.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318289bb7e37.
Sims Sanyahumbi AE, Hosseinipour MC, Guffey D, Hoffman I, Kazembe PN, McCrary M, et al. HIV-infected children in Malawi have decreased performance on the 6-minute walk test with preserved cardiac mechanics regardless of antiretroviral treatment status. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2017;36(7):659-64. doi: 10.1097/INF.000000000000154
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Lima RBH, Barbariz TBO, Daniel MDC, Seki KLM, Christofoletti G
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.