Effect of the laser therapy in association with swimming for a morphological nerve repair and functional recovery in rats submitted to sciatic axonotmesis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/13929623012016Abstract
The peripheral nerve injuries occur frequently and generally cause functional loss impacting negatively on patient's life. The objective this study was to verify the efficiency of the combination of laser therapy and swimming in rats affected by axonotmesis. The sample was comprised of 50 Wistar rats and it was divided into 05 groups: Control Group; Surgical Control Group; Laser Experimental Group; Swimming Experimental Group and Laser Experimental combined with Swimming Group. The nerve was crushed into a 5 mm-long segment next to the sciatic nerve trifurcation with a pair of forceps for 60 seconds. The GaAs infrared laser (904nm) was used with energy radiated 0,4J the first week, the second week 0,8J and 1,2J in the third and fourth week. For functional (FCI) evaluation, the animals were immobilized and the plantar region of their paws were painted with ink stamp. The procedure was repeated twice to each animal. The nerve morphometry (areas, diameters and thicknesses of the fibers, axons and myelin sheath) was performed with the measurement of 220 fibers per animal in each group . We can see that the GEL and GEN groups , obtained the best results when compared with the other groups (GC, GCC and GELAN) in all morphometric variables studied, but no statistically significant difference was found between them. In functional analysis, it was observed that the gelan group obtained the best results when compared with the other groups (GCC , GEN and GEL) and when the GEL and GEN groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference between them. Was conclued the GEL and GEN groups havd the best morphometric results, while the GELAN showed the best functional outcome. Therefore, it can be concluded that the combination of these features favoured the functional recovery of the animals.Downloads
References
Sunderland S. A classification of peripheral nerve injuries
producing loss of function. Brain. 1951;74:491-516
Rosberg HE, Carlsson KS, Hojgard S, Lindgren B, Lundborg G,
Dahlin LB. Injury to the human median and ulnar nerves in the
forearm – analysis of costs for treatmentand rehabilitation of
patients in southernsweden. J Hand Surg. 2005;30:35-9.
Kouyoumdjian JA. Peripheral nerve injuries: a retrospective
survey of 456 cases. Muscle Nerve. 2006;34:785-8.
Whitlock EL, Tuffaha SH, Luciano JP, Yan Y, Hunter
DA, Magill CK, Moore AM, Tong AY, Mackinnon SE,
Borschel GH. Processed allografts and type I collagen
conduits for repair of peripheral nerve gaps. Muscle Nerve.
;39(6):787-99.
Rosa-Junior GM, Bueno CRS, Heubel A, Bortoluci CHF,
Simionato LH, Daré LR, Silva MP, Dias DV. Efeito da corrente
alternada simétrica sinusoidal na musculatura estriada
esquelética desnervada experimentalmente. Salusvita.
;32(3):211-25.
Deumens R, Bozkurt A, Meek MF, Marcus MAE, Joosten
EAJ, Weis J, Brook GA. Repairing injured peripheral nerves:
bridging gap. Prog Neurobiol. 2010;92:245-76.
Gigo-Benato D, Geuna S, Rodrigues AC, Tos P, Fornaro M,
Boux E, Battiston E, Giacobini-Robecchi MG. Low-power
laser biostimulation enhances nerve repairafter end-to-side
neurorrhaphy: a double-blind randomized studyin the rat
median nerve model. Lasers Med Sci. 2004;19:57-65.
Rochkind S, El-Ani D, Nevo Z, Shahar A. Increase of
neuronal sprouting and migration using 780nm laser
phototherapy as procedure for cell therapy. Lasers
Surg Med. 2009;41:277-81.
Kisner C, Colby LA. Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and
Techniques. 5ª ed. Philadelphia; Davis Company, 2007.
Yarrow JF, White LJ, Mccoy SC, Borst SE. Training augments
resistance exercise induced elevation of circulating brain
derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neurosci Letters.
;479:161-5.
Zoladz JA, Pilc A, Majerczak J, Grandys M, Zapart-Bukowska
J, Duda K. Endurance training increases plasma brain-derived
neurotrophic factor concentration in young healthy men. J
Physiol Pharmacol. 2008;59(7):119-32.
Sabatier MJ, Redmon N, Schwartz G, English AW. Treadmill
training promotes axon regeneration in injured peripheral
nerves. Exp Neurol. 2008;211:489-93.
Ilha J, Araujo RT, Malysz T, Hermel EES, Rigon P, Xavier
LL, Achaval M. Endurance and resistance exercise training
programs elicit specific effects on sciatic nerve regeneration
after experimental traumatic lesion in rats. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair. 2008;22(4):355-66.
Udina E, Puigdemasa A, Navarro X. Passive and active
exercise improve regeneration and muscle reinnervation
after peripheral nerve injury in the rat. Muscle Nerve.
;43:500-09.
Cobianchi S, Marinelli S, Florenzano F, Pavone F, Luvisetto
S. Short-but not long-lasting treadmill running reduces
allodynia and improves functional recovery after peripheral
nerve injury. Neuroscience. 2010;168:273-87.
Marqueste T, Marqueste T, Alliez JR, Alluin O, Jammes
Y, Decherchi P. Neuromuscular rehabilitation by treadmill
running or electrical stimulation after peripheral nerve injury
and repair. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96:1988-95.
Van Meeteren N, Brakkee JH, Hamers FP, Helders PJ,
Gispen WH.Exercise training improves functional recovery
and motor nerve conduction velocity after sciatic nerve
crush lesion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:70-7.
Udina E, Cobianchi S, Allodi I, Navarro X. Effects of activitydependent strategies on regeneration and plasticity after
peripheral nerve injuries. Ann Anat. 2011:1-7.
Gigo-Benato D, Geuna S, Rochkind S. Phototherapy for
enhancing peripheral nerve repair: a review of the literature.
Muscle Nerve. 2005;31:694-701.
Barbosa RI, Marcolino AM, Guirro RRJ, Mazzer N, Barbieri CH,
Fonseca MCR. Efeito do laser de baixa intensidade (660nm)
na regeneração do nervo isquiático lesados em ratos. Fisioter
Pesqui. 2010;17(4):294-9.
Wang L, Hu L, Grygorczyk R, Shen X, Schwarz W. Modulation
of extracellular atp content of mast cells and drg neurons by
irradiation: studies on underlying mechanism of low-levellaser therapy. Mediators of Inflammation, Article ID 630361,
pages, 2015. doi:10.1155/2015/63036.
Martins F, Rennó ACM, Oliveira F, Minatel NP, Bortolin JA,
Quintana HT, Aveiro MC. Low-level laser therapy modulates
musculoskeletal loss in a skin burn model in rats. Acta Cirúrg
Bras. 2015;30(2):94-9.
Wang CZ, Chen YJ, Wang YH, Yeh ML, Huang MH, Ho ML,
Liang JI, Chen CH. Low-level laser irradiation improves
functional recovery and nerve regeneration in sciatic nerve
crush rat injury model. PloS One. 2014;9(8):103-348.
Huang Y.Y, Sharma SK, Carroll J, Hamblin MR. Biphasic
dose response in low level light therapy-an update. DoseResponse. 2011;9(4):602-18.
Endo C, Barbieri CH, Mazzer N, Fasan VS. A laserterapia
de baixa intensidade acelera a regeneração de nervos
periféricos. Acta Ortop Bras. 2008;16(5):305-10.
Camargo VM, Costa J, André ES. Estudo comparativo entre
dois tipos de raio laser de baixa potência e seus respectivos
efeitos sobre a regeneração nervosa periférica. Fisioter Mov.
;9(2):127-34.
Bain JR, Mackinnon SE, Hunter DA. Functional evaluation of
complete sciatic peroneal and posterior tibial nerve lesions in
the rat. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;83(1):129-33.
De Medinaceli L, Freed WJ, Wyatt RJ. An index of the functional
condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made
from walking tracks. Exp Neurol. 1982;77(3):634-43.
Câmara CN, Brito MV, Silveira EL, Silva DS, Simões VR, Pontes
RWR. Histological analysis of low-intensity laser therapy
effects in peripheral nerve regeneration in Wistar rats. Acta
Cir Bras. 2011;26:12-8.
Seddon HJ. The use of autogenous grafts for the repair of
large gaps in peripheral nerves. Brit J Surg. 1947;35:151-67.
Oliveira LS, Sobral LL, Takeda SYM, Betini J, Guirro RRJ,
Somazz MC, Teodori RM. Electrical stimulation and
swimming in the acute phase of axonotmesis: their influence
on nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Rev Neurol.
;47:11-5.
Sobral LL, Oliveira LS, Takeda SYM, Somazz MC, Montebelo
MIL, Teodori RM. Immediate versus later exercises for rat sciatic
nerve regeneration after axonotmesis: histomorphometric
and functional analyses. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2008;12(4):311-6.
Vaynman S, Gomez-Pinilla F. License to run: Exercise impacts
functional plasticity in the intact and injured central nervous
system by using neurotrophins. Neurorehabil Neural Repair.
;19:283-95.
Asensio-Pinilla E, Udina E, Jaramillo J, Navarro X. Electrical
stimulation combined with exercise increase axonal
regeneration after peripheral nerve injury. Exp Neurol.
;219:258-65.
Reis FA, Belchior ACG, Nicolau RA, Fonseca TS, Carvalho PTC.
Efeito da terapia com laser de arsenieto de gálio e alumínio
(660nm) sobre a recuperação do nervo ciático de ratos após
lesão por neurotmese seguida anastomose epineural: análise
funcional. Ver Bras. Fisioter. 2008;12(3):215-21.
Barbosa RI, Marcolino AM, Guirro RRJ, Mazzer N, Barbieri CH,
Fonseca MCR. Comparative effects of wavelengths of lowpower laser in regeneration of sciatic nerve in rats following
crushing lesion. Lasers Surge Med. 2010;42:673-82.
Pistarini LCY. Ação in vivo do potencial regenerative na
degeneração walleriana de nervos periféricos com utilização
de laser de baixa potência e composto polivitamínico
β-nerve®. São Paulo. Dissertação. [Mestre em ciências na área
de tecnologia nuclear – materiais] – Instituto de Pesquisas
Energéticas e Nucleares; 2015.
Sousa FA, Ribeiro TL, Fazan VPA, Barbieri CH. Lack of
effectiveness of laser therapy applied to the nerve course
and the correspondent medullary roots. Acta Ortop Bras.
;21(2): 92-7.
Lins RDAU, Dantas EM, Lucena KCR, Catão MHCV, GranvilleGarcia AF, Carvalho Neto LG. Biostimulation effects of
low-power laser in the repair process. An Bras Dermatol.
;85(6):849-55.
Noronha L, Chin EWK, Kimura LY, Graf R. Estudo
morfométrico e morfológico da cicatrização após uso do laser erbium: YAG em tecidos cutâneos de ratos. J Bras Patol
Med. 2004;40(1):41-8.
Lucas C, Gemert MJC, Haan RJ. Efficacy of low-level laser
therapy in the management of stage III decubitus ulcers:
a prospective, observer-blinded multicentre randomized
clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2003;18:72-7.
Hamblin MR, Demidova TN. Mechanisms of low level light
therapy. Society of Photographic Instrumentation Engineers.
;61(40):1-12.
Buchaim RL, Andreo JC, Barravieira, B, Ferreira-Junior RS, Buchaim
DV, Rosa-Junior GM, Oliveira ALR, Rodrigues AC. Effect of lowlevel laser therapy (LLLT) on peripheral nerve regeneration using
fibrin glue derived from snake venom. Injury. 2015;46:655-60.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Fisioterapia e Pesquisa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
