Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV patients: Risk factors associated with colonization and/or infection and methods for characterization of isolates - a systematic review

Authors

  • Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira Faculdade de Farmácia e Enfermagem (UNIABEU); Disciplina de Microbiologia e Epidemiologia
  • Glaucilene Rodrigues da Silva Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar
  • Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar
  • Flavia Lima do Carmo Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana Molecular
  • Leonardo Alexandre Fernandes Veiga de Almeida University; Dental School; Department of Oral Medicine
  • Suelen Moreira Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar
  • Mauro Romero Leal Passos Federal Fluminense University; STD sector; Department of Microbiology
  • Ana Paula Vieira Colombo Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Laboratório de Microbiologia Oral
  • Katia Regina Netto dos Santos Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2014(11)11

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of infections and HIV-infected individuals are frequently susceptible to this pathogen. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify both the risk factors associated with colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV patients and the methods used for characterization of isolates. An electronic search of articles published between January 2001 and December 2013 was first conducted. Among 116 studies categorized as being at a quality level of A, B or C, only 9 studies were considered to have high methodological quality (level A). The majority of these studies were retrospective (4/9 studies). The risk factors associated with colonization/infection by S. aureus were use of antimicrobials (4/9 studies), previous hospitalization (4/9 studies) and low CD4+ T lymphocyte counts (<200 cells/μl) (3/9 studies). Culture in mannitol salt agar (3/9 studies) and the latex agglutination test (5/9 studies) were the main methods used for bacterial phenotypic identification. Genotypic profiles were accessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (6/9 studies) and USA300 was the most prevalent lineage (5/9 studies). Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (3/9 studies) and susceptible to vancomycin (4/9 studies). Ultimately, use of antimicrobials and previous hospitalization were the main risk factors for colonization/infection by methicillin-resistant S. aureus in HIV-infected individuals. However, the numbers of evaluated patients, the exclusion and inclusion criteria and the characterization of the S. aureus isolates were not uniform, which made it difficult to establish the characteristics associated with HIV patients who are colonized/infected by S. aureus.

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Published

2014-11-01

Issue

Section

Reviews

How to Cite

Ferreira, D. de C., Silva, G. R. da, Cavalcante, F. S., Carmo, F. L. do, Fernandes, L. A., Moreira, S., Passos, M. R. L., Colombo, A. P. V., & Santos, K. R. N. dos. (2014). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV patients: Risk factors associated with colonization and/or infection and methods for characterization of isolates - a systematic review . Clinics, 69(11), 770-776. https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2014(11)11