Influência da prática de atividade física no desempenho cognitivo de adultos de meia-idade e pessoas idosas: um estudo longitudinal realizado antes e durante a pandemia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v31i2a214487Palavras-chave:
Cognição, COVID-19, Exercício Físico, Idoso, Pessoa de Meia-IdadeResumo
Objetivo: Analisar a influência da prática de atividade física no desempenho cognitivo de adultos de meia-idade e pessoas idosas antes e durante a pandemia. Métodos: Estudo longitudinal e quantitativo, realizado com 200 indivíduos com 45 anos ou mais de idade cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família de Três Lagoas/MS. A coleta aconteceu em dois momentos, antes da pandemia (2018/19) e durante a pandemia (2021). Foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, a prática de atividade física (Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - IPAQ) e o desempenho cognitivo (Mini-Exame do Estado Mental – MEEM). Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de McNemar, qui-quadrado, teste T e teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas. Resultados: Com relação à prática de atividades físicas, 28% da amostra se tornou inativa no período avaliado, e 12% se tornou ativa, com diferença significativa. Não houve diferença entre os participantes que se tornaram ativos, se tornaram inativos, se mantiveram ativos e se mantiveram inativos com relação às características sociodemográficas, indicando que os grupos são semelhantes. O desempenho cognitivo piorou significativamente na comparação entre as duas avaliações. Ao analisar os grupos separadamente, verificou-se que o grupo que se tornou inativo foi o único que teve um desempenho cognitivo significativamente pior, na comparação antes e durante a pandemia. Conclusão: A redução da prática de atividade física decorrente da pandemia em adultos de meia-idade e pessoas idosas influenciou negativamente no desempenho cognitivo. Os indivíduos que deixam de praticar atividades físicas devem ser o principal alvo de rastreamento e monitoramento cognitivo, especialmente em períodos pandêmicos.
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