Effectiveness of interventions in the improvement of muscle resistance in the elderly: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5935/0104-7795.20170010Keywords:
Resistance Training, Muscle Fatigue, AgedAbstract
Global population aging has been much discussed in the last decade. China, Japan, and countries in Europe and North America have long lived with a large contingent of elderly people and all the problems associated with this aging process. However, the Brazilian elderly population, more specifically the female population, has been growing rapidly: the aging process in Brazil is occurring in a short period of time. With aging, loss of skeletal muscle mass as a whole is common. The impairment of muscle strength in the elderly individual is evident, since the loss of type II fibers is greater than type I. However, loss of type I muscle fibers also occurs during aging, and therefore, characteristics related to this type of fiber, such as muscular endurance, should also be considered by health professionals. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine the efficacy of intervention programs in improving muscular endurance in the elderly. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of these programs in improving other functional and health outcomes in this population. Method: Systematic review of literature based on the Prisma protocol (Pre- sent Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyzes), with searches in the MEDLINE, PEDro, LILACS and SCIELO databases, using a specific search strategy involving descriptors related to the elderly And muscular endurance. We included studies published in Portuguese and English, of the quasi-experimental (EQ) or randomized clinical trial (RCT), which involved elderly individuals and approached the skeletal muscles of lower limbs, upper limbs or trunk, and evaluated the efficacy of interventions for Improvement of muscular endurance. Results: A total of 133 studies were found with the electronic search. Of these, only 13 met the inclusion criteria, being 7 RCTs and 6 QE. The mean score obtained by the RCTs on the PEDro scale was 5.57, while the mean score obtained by the TRENDs was 18.57. Among the seven RCTs, all were classified as having adequate methodological quality. Conclusion: According to the results of most of the included studies, intervention programs elaborated according to the specific characteristics of the muscular endurance concept are effective in improving muscular endurance and other functional and health outcomes of healthy elderly. Further studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of interventions aimed at improving the muscular endurance of elderly individuals who have some associated health condition or specific disability.
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