Ideias, interesses e mudanças institucionais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702008000100012Palavras-chave:
Neoinstitucionalismo, Idéias, Interesses, Aprendizado político, Concertações sociaisResumo
Este artigo é uma discussão das relações entre instituições, interesses e idéias, tendo como referência empírica as experiências de concertação social na Europa e as reformas da previdência social na América Latina dos anos de 1990. Reconhecendo que o debate atual sobre essas reformas tem incorporado a importância da dimensão cognitiva dos processos políticos na tentativa de construir abordagens mais complexas e adequadas sobre os fenômenos em pauta, diferentemente das análises anteriores com essa preocupação, argumentamos que a ênfase dada ao papel das idéias até agora ainda não parece ser suficiente para explicar a natureza e a difusão dos processos de reformas econômicas e sociais, sua legitimidade ou sustentação política. É preciso que o processo de adoção das idéias produza resultados avaliados positivamente, oferecendo respostas, mesmo que não consensuais, para questões consideradas centrais na agenda pública. Além disso, há um complexo processo de aprendizado e de mimicking no âmbito das políticas sociais que permite elucidar alguns dos seus intrincados desdobramentos, fazendo com que estes elementos não possam ser desconsiderados, inclusive porque talvez permitam adicionar novas dimensões às abordagens das reformas econômicas e sociais inspiradas nas instituições ou na competição política.
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