Imunização contra covid-19 e mortalidade em pacientes hospitalizados: coorte retrospectiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005476Palabras clave:
Covid-19, Estudos de Coorte, Estudos Observacional, Mortalidade, Vacinas contra Covid-19Resumen
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a efetividade das vacinas desenvolvidas contra a covid-19 na redução da mortalidade em pessoas internadas com síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) causada pelo SARS-CoV-2.
MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva que avaliou fatores de riscos e a efetividade do esquema vacinal com duas doses na redução da mortalidade de pessoas internadas por covid-19 no estado da Paraíba entre fevereiro e novembro de 2021. As variáveis explicativas foram situação vacinal, presença de comorbidades, características socioeconômicas e demográficas. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e regressão logística bivariada e multivariável. RESULTADOS: A maior parte das internações e óbitos ocorreram até maio de 2021. O percentual de pacientes com esquema vacinal completo foi similar entre pacientes internados em hospitais públicos e privados e superior em residentes de municípios com menor desenvolvimento. A análise multivariável demonstrou que mulheres (OR = 0,896; IC95% 0,830–0,967) e pessoas internadas em hospitais privados (OR = 0,756; IC95% 0,679–0,842) apresentaram menor chance de morte. A presença de alguma comorbidade (OR = 1,627; IC95% 1,500–1,765) e idade ≥ 80 anos (OR = 7,426; IC95% 6,309–8,741) foram fatores de risco de óbito. Pacientes com esquema vacinal completo no momento da internação apresentaram uma chance 41,7% menor de morte (OR = 0,583; IC95% 0,501–0,679) por covid-19 na análise ajustada, quando comparados com pacientes não vacinados.
CONCLUSÕES: O estudo revela que a imunização foi efetiva na redução da chance de óbito por covid-19. Os resultados sugerem que uma maior cobertura vacinal no primeiro semestre de 2021 evitaria milhares de mortes no país.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Michelle Fernandez, Alexandre Medeiros de Figueiredo, Adriano Massuda, Agostinho Hermes de Medeiros Neto, Marcus Carvalho
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
