Efeitos da cobertura de solo e poluição do ar no risco de nascimentos prematuros
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005504Palavras-chave:
Ambiente Construído, Parques Recreativos, Poluição do Ar, Recém-Nascido PrematuroResumo
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre a idade gestacional e as áreas verdes, áreas construídas urbanas e a concentração de material particulado 2,5 (MP2,5) em São Paulo, analisando a distribuição irregular dessas áreas e os níveis de poluição acima do recomendado. MÉTODOS: A população utilizada no estudo foi a dos nascidos vivos no ano de 2012, com os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivo (Sinasc) na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de imagens de satélites e realizando a classificação supervisionada, obtivemos a distribuição e quantidade de áreas verdes e de áreas construídas, na cidade de São Paulo, assim como as concentrações de MP2,5. Regressões logísticas foram utilizadas para obter possíveis associações. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do estudo mostram que menor percentual de áreas verdes está associado significativamente com maior chance de prematuridade. Maior densidade de construção foi associada positivamente com a razão de chance de nascimento prematuro. Não encontramos resultados significativos entre a poluição do ar (MP2,5) e prematuridade. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo demostraram que áreas mais verdes em relação às áreas menos verdes são menos associadas a nascimentos prematuros.
Referências
Akaraci S, Feng X, Suesse T, Jalaludin B, Astell-Burt T. Greener neighbourhoods, healthier birth outcomes? Evidence from Australia. Environ Pollut. 2021 Jun;278:116814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116814
Kloog I. Air pollution, ambient temperature, green space and preterm birth. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2019 Apr;31(2):237-43. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000736
Sun Y, Ilango SD, Schwarz L, Wang Q, Chen JC, Lawrence JM, et al. Examining the joint effects of heatwaves, air pollution, and green space on the risk of preterm birth in California. Environ Res Lett. 2020 Oct;15(10):104099. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb8a3
Grazuleviciene R, Dedele A, Danileviciute A, Vencloviene J, Grazulevicius T, Andrusaityte S, et al. The influence of proximity to city parks on blood pressure in early pregnancy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014 Mar;11(3):2958-72. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110302958
Casey JA, James P, Rudolph KE, Wu CD, Schwartz BS. Greenness and birth outcomes in a range of Pennsylvania communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Mar;13(3):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030311
Zhang L, Shi S, Wu S, Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, et al. Effects of greenness on preterm birth: a national longitudinal study of 3.7 million singleton births. Innovation (Camb). 2022 Apr;3(3):100241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100241
Asta F, Michelozzi P, Cesaroni G, De Sario M, Badaloni C, Davoli M, et al. The modifying role of socioeconomic position and greenness on the short-term effect of heat and air pollution on preterm births in Rome, 2001-2013. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul;16(14):2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142497
Hung TH, Chen PH, Tung TH, Hsu J, Hsu TY, Wan GH. Risks of preterm birth and low birth weight and maternal exposure to NO2/PM2.5 acquired by dichotomous evaluation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;30(4):9331-49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24520-5
Nascimento FP, Almeida MF, Gouveia N. Individual and contextual socioeconomic status as effect modifier in the air pollution-birth outcome association. Sci Total Environ. 2022 Jan;803:149790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149790
Saldiva SR, Barrozo LV, Leone CR, Failla MA, Bonilha EA, Bernal RT, et al. Small-scale variations in urban air pollution levels are significantly associated with premature births: a case study in São Paulo, Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Oct;15(10):2236. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102236
Walani SR. Global burden of preterm birth. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2020 Jul;150(1):31-3. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13195
Leal MD, Esteves-Pereira AP, Nakamura-Pereira M, Torres JA, Theme-Filha M, Domingues RM, et al. Prevalence and risk factors related to preterm birth in Brazil. Reprod Health. 2016 Oct;13(S3 Suppl 3):127. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-016-0230-0
Bekkar B, Pacheco S, Basu R, DeNicola N. Association of air pollution and heat exposure with preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth in the US: a systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jun;3(6):e208243. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8243
Chersich MF, Pham MD, Areal A, Haghighi MM, Manyuchi A, Swift CP. Associations between high temperatures in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirths: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020 Nov;371:m3811. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3811
Moreira TC, Polize JL, Brito M, Silva Filho DF, Chiavegato Filho AD, Viana MC, et al. Assessing the impact of urban environment and green infrastructure on mental health: results from the São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2022;32:205-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00349-x
Moreira TC, Polizel JL, Santos IS, Silva Filho DF, Bensenor I, Lotufo PA, et al. green spaces, land cover, street trees and hypertension in the megacity of São Paulo. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan;17(3):725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030725
Amato-Lourenço LF, Moreira TC, Arantes BL, Silva Filho DF, Mauad T. Metrópoles, cobertura vegetal, áreas verdes e saúde. Estud Av. 2016 Apr;30(86):113-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142016.00100008
World Health Organization. Occupational and Environmental Health Team. WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide: global update 2005: summary of risk assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006 [citado 4 out 2021]. Report No.: WHO/SDE/PHE/OEH/06.02. Disponível em: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69477
São Paulo (Estado). Decreto No 59.113, de 23 de abril de 2013. Estabelece novos padrões de qualidade do ar e dá providências correlatas. Diário Oficial União. 24 abr 2013.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. IBGE divulga as estimativas populacionais dos municípios em 2012. 31 ago 2012 [citado 10 abr 2023]. Disponível em: https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/14269-asi-ibge-divulga-as-estimativas-populacionais-dos-municipios-em-2012
Estação metereologica IAG-USP. [citado 20 maio 2023. Disponível em: http://www.estacao.iag.usp.br/seasons/index.php#:~:text=De%20acordo%20com%20a%20classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o,e%20um%20ver%C3%A3o%20bastante%20chuvoso
Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008 Jan;371(9606):75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60074-4
American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, editors. Guidelines for perinatal care. 8th edition. Washington, DC: American Academy of Pediatrics; The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2017.
Apgar V. A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Curr Res Anest Anal. 1953;32(4):260-7. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-195301000-00041
Simon LV, Hashmi MF, Bragg BN. APGAR Score. StatPearls Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2023 [citado 15 jul 2023]. Disponível em: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470569/
São Paulo (Cidade). Subprefeituras. A Secretaria Municipal das Subprefeituras. [citado 6 dez. 2018]. Disponível em: http://www.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/cidade/secretarias/regionais/subprefeituras/index.php?p=8978
Barrozo LV, Fornaciali M, André CD, Morais GA, Mansur G, Cabral-Miranda W, et al. GeoSES: a socioeconomic index for health and social research in Brazil. PLOS ONE. 2020 Apr 29;15(4):e0232074. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232074
Hammer MS, Donkelaar A, Li C, Lyapustin A, Sayer AM, Hsu NC, et al. Global estimates and long-term trends of fine particulate matter concentrations (1998-2018). Environ Sci Technol. 2020 Jul;54(13):7879-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01764
São Paulo (Cidade). GeoSampa.. Mapa Digital da Cidade de São Paulo. São Paulo; 2020 [citado 10 dez 2020]. Disponível em: http://geosampa.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/PaginasPublicas/_SBC.aspx#
Rodriguez-Galiano VF, Ghimire B, Rogan J, Chica-Olmo M, Rigol-Sanchez JP. An assessment of the effectiveness of a random forest classifier for land-cover classification. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens. 2012;67:93-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2011.11.002
Breiman L. Random forests. Mach Learn. 2001;45(1):5-32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324
Gislason PO, Benediktsson JA, Sveinsson JR. Random forests for land cover classification. Pattern Recognit Lett. 2006;27(4):294-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2005.08.011
Myeong S, Nowak DJ, Hopkins PF, Brock RH. Urban cover mapping using digital, high-spatial resolution aerial imagery. Urban Ecosyst. 2001;5(4):243-56. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025687711588
Jackson RD, Huete AR. Interpreting vegetation indices. Prev Vet Med. 1991;11(3-4):185-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(05)80004-2
Landis JR, Koch GG. An application of hierarchical kappa-type statistics in the assessment of majority agreement among multiple observers. Biometrics. 1977 Jun;33(2):363-74. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529786
Martinelli KG. Dias Barbara AS, Leal ML, Belotti L, Garcia ÉM, Santos Neto ET dos. Prematuridade no Brasil entre 2012 e 2019: dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos. Rev Bras Estud Popul. 2021 Oct;38:e0173. https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0173
Barreto CT, Tavares FG, Theme-Filha M, Farias YN, Pantoja LN, Cardoso AM. Baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade e restrição de crescimento intra-uterino: resultados dos dados de base da primeira coorte de nascimentos indígenas no Brasil (coorte de nascimentos Guarani). BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020 Dec;20(1):748. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03396-8
Souza RT, Cecatti JG, Passini R Jr, Tedesco RP, Lajos GJ, Nomura ML, et al. The burden of provider-initiated preterm birth and associated factors: evidence from the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP). PLoS One. 2016 Feb;11(2):e0148244.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148244
Melo WA, Carvalho MD B. Análise multivariada dos fatores de riscos para prematuridade no sul do Brasil. Rev Gest Saúde. 2014;5(2):398-409.
Akaraci S, Feng X, Suesse T, Jalaludin B, Astell-Burt T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between green and blue spaces and birth outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr;17(8):2949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082949
Villeneuve PJ, Lam S, Tjepkema M, Pinault L, Crouse DL, Osornio-Vargas AR, et al. Residential proximity to greenness and adverse birth outcomes in urban areas: findings from a national Canadian population-based study. Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt C):112344.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112344
Dadvand P, Nazelle A, Figueras F, Basagaña X, Su J, Amoly E, et al. Green space, health inequality and pregnancy. Environ Int. 2012 Apr;40:110-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.004
Kihal-Talantikite W, Padilla CM, Lalloué B, Gelormini M, Zmirou-Navier D, Deguen S. Green space, social inequalities and neonatal mortality in France. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013 Oct;13(1):191. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-191
Abelt K, McLafferty S. Green Streets: urban green and birth outcomes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Jul;14(7):771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070771
Hettfleisch K, Carvalho MA, Hoshida MS, Pastro LD, Saldiva SR, Vieira SE, et al. Individual exposure to urban air pollution and its correlation with placental angiogenic markers in the first trimester of pregnancy, in São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int.
Jun;28(22):28658-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12353-7
Nieuwenhuijsen MJ. Green Infrastructure and Health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2021 Apr;42(1):317-28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-090419-102511
Konijnendijk CC. Evidence-based guidelines for greener, healthier, more resilient neighbourhoods: introducing the 3-30-300 rule. J For Res. 2023;34(3):821-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-022-01523-z
Mitchell R, Astell-Burt T, Richardson EA. A comparison of green space indicators for epidemiological research. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2011 Oct;65(10):853-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2010.119172
Tvina A, Visser A, Walker SL, Tsaih SW, Zhou Y, Beyer K, et al. Residential proximity to tree canopy and preterm birth in Black women. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2021 Sep;3(5):100391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2021.100391
Kent ST, McClure LA, Zaitchik BF, Gohlke JM. Area-level risk factors for adverse birth outcomes: trends in urban and rural settings. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013 Jun;13(1):129. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-13-129
Castillo MD, Anenberg SC, Chafe ZA, Huxley R, Johnson LS, Kheirbek I, et al. Quantifying the health benefits of urban climate mitigation actions: current state of the epidemiological evidence and application in health impact assessments. Front Sustain Cities. 2021;3. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.768227
Torres Toda M, Miri M, Alonso L, Gómez-Roig MD, Foraster M, Dadvand P. Exposure to greenspace and birth weight in a middle-income country. Environ Res. 2020 Oct;189:109866. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109866
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Tiana C. L. Moreira, Jefferson L. Polizel, Weeberb J. Réquia, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Demostenes F. da Silva Filho, Silvia Regina Dias Medici Saldiva, Thais Mauad
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
