Prenatal care of Venezuelans in Colombia: migrants navigating the healthcare system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055002999Palavras-chave:
Pregnant Women, Prenatal Care, Health Services Accessibility, Social Capital, Transients and MigrantsResumo
OBJECTIVES To explore the experiences of irregular (undocumented) Venezuelan migrants in accessing prenatal health services in Colombia and to examine the economic, social, and cultural resources mobilized by them to gain access to care. METHODS Data was retrieved from the qualitative component of a multi-method research conducted with pregnant immigrants in Barranquilla, Colombia, between 2018 and 2019, and triangulated with a review of regulations established by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. RESULTS Having limited economic capital, participants use social capital from personal networks and migrant organizations. They obtain cultural health capital in the form of information on the health system and use their cultural competencies to interact with this system. CONCLUSIONS Migrants exert their agency through the use of capitals, although with certain constraints. Policies aimed at this social group should consider the strengths of migrants.
Referências
R4V- Plataforma de Coordinación para Refugiados y Migrantes de Venezuela. Refugiados y migrantes de Venezuela. 2019 [cited 2020 May 15]. Available from: https://r4v.info/es/situations/platform [ Links ]
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriorers (CO). Migración Colombia: venezolanos en Colombia al 30 de junio de 2019. Bogotá (CO); 2019 [cited 2020 May 15]. Available from: http://migracioncolombia.gov.co/index.php/es/prensa/infografias/infografias-2019/12565-infografia-venezolanos-en-colombia [ Links ]
Gabaccia DR. Feminization of migration. In: Wong A, Wickramasinghe M, Hoogland R, Naples N, editors. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of gender and sexuality studies: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Online Library; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss732 [ Links ]
Báscolo E, Houghton N, Del Riego A. [Types of health systems reforms in Latin America and results in health access and coverage]. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2018;42:e126. Spanish. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2018.126 [ Links ]
Ramiro Guerrero M, Gallego AI, Becerril-Montekio V, Vásquez J. Sistema de salud de Colombia. Salud Publica Mex. 2011;53 Supl 2:S144-S55. [ Links ]
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD reviews of health systems: Colombia 2016. Paris (FR): OECD Publishing; 2015. [ Links ]
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social (CO). Plan de Respuesta del Sector Salud al Fenómeno Migratorio. Bogotá (CO); 2018. [ Links ]
Fernández-Niño JA, Rojas-Botero ML, Bojorquez-Chapela I, Giraldo-Gartner V, Sobczyk RA, Acosta-Reyes J, et al. Situación de salud de gestantes migrantes venezolanas en el Caribe colombiano: primer reporte para una respuesta rápida en Salud Pública. Rev Univ Ind Santander Salud. 2019;51(3):208-19. https://doi.org/10.18273/revsal.v51n3-2019004 [ Links ]
Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (CO), Gerencia de Frontera. Mibración. RAMV informe final: Registro Administrativo de Migrantes Venezolanos en Colombia - Junio 2018. Bogotá (CO); 2018. [ Links ]
International Organization for Migration; World Health Organization; Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. International migration, health and human rights. Geneva (CH): IOM; 2013 [cited 2020 May 15]. Available from: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iom_unhchr_en_web.pdf [ Links ]
International Organization for Migration; World Health Organization. Colombo Statement: high-level meeting of the Global Consultation on Migrant Health, Colombo (LK), 23 rd February 2017. Le Grand-Saconnex (CH): IOM; 2017. [ Links ]
Abubakar I, Aldridge RW, Devakumar D, Orcutt M, Burns R, Barreto ML, et al. The UCL-Lancet Commission on Migration and Health: the health of a world on the move. Lancet. 2018;392(10164):2606-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32114-7 [ Links ]
Winters M, Rechel B, Jong L, Pavlova M. A systematic review on the use of healthcare services by undocumented migrants in Europe. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18:30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2838-y [ Links ]
Munro K, Jarvis C, Munoz M, D’Souza V, Graves L. Undocumented pregnant women: what does the literature tell us? J Immigr Minor Health. 2013;15(2):281-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-012-9587-5 [ Links ]
Van der Laat C. La migración como determinante social de la salud. In: Cabieses B, editor. La migración internacional como determinante de la salud social en Chile: evidencia y propuesta para políticas públicas. Santiago de Chile: Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo; 2017. [ Links ]
Fleury A. Understanding women and migration: a literature review. Washington, DC: KNOMAD; 2016. (Working Paper Series; Nº 8). [ Links ]
Grotti V, Malakasis C, Quagliariello C, Sahraoui N. Shifting vulnerabilities: gender and reproductive care on the migrant trail to Europe. Comp Migr Stud. 2018;6(1):23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-018-0089-z [ Links ]
Bourdieu P. The forms of capital. In: Szeman I, Kaposy T, editors. Cultural theory: an anthology. West Sussex (UK): Wiley-Blackwell; 2011. p. 81-93. [ Links ]
Putnam RD. Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster; 2000. [ Links ]
Shim JK. Cultural health capital: a theoretical approach to understanding health care interactions and the dynamics of unequal treatment. J Health Soc Behav. 2010;51(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146509361185 [ Links ]
Patton MQ. Qualitative evaluation and research methods. 2. ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1990. [ Links ]
Hsieh HF, Shannon S. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687 [ Links ]
Schreier M. Qualitative content analysis in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2012. [ Links ]
Cho J, Lee E. Reducing confusion about grounded theory and qualitative content analysis: similarities and differences. Qual Rep. 2014;19(32):1-20. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1028 [ Links ]
Romo A. Mujeres embarazadas huyen de la falta de atención médica en Venezuela. Ginebra (CH): ACNUR; 2019 [cited 2020 May 15]. Available from: https://www.acnur.org/noticias/stories/2019/7/5d374bcb4/mujeres-embarazadas-huyen-de-la-falta-de-atencion-medica-en-venezuela.html [ Links ]
Bollini P, Stotzer U, Wanner P. Pregnancy outcomes and migration in Switzerland: results from a focus group study. Int J Public Health. 2007;52(2):78-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-007-6003-3 [ Links ]
Lipsky M. Street-level bureaucracy: dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 2010. [ Links ]
Abadía-Barrero CE, Oviedo-Manrique DG. Intersubjetividades estructuradas: la salud en Colombia como dilema epistemológico y político para las Ciencias Sociales. Univ Humanist. 2008;66(66):57-82. [ Links ]
Malmusi D. Immigrants’ health and health inequality by type of integration policies in European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2015;25(2):293-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cku156 [ Links ]
Guidi CF, Petretto A. Health care and migration: what data can tell us of the hard-to-measure impact of migrants on the European health systems. In: Dobrescu P, editor. Development in turbulent times: the many faces of inequality within Europe. CHAM (CH): Springer; 2019 [cited 2020 May 15]. p.153-70. Availablbe from: https://library.oapen.org/viewer/web/viewer.html?file=/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/22892/1007269.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y [ Links ]
Castañeda H, Holmes SM, Madrigal DS, Young MET, Beyeler N, Quesada J. Immigration as a social determinant of health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2015;36:375-92. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182419 [ Links ]
World Health Organization, Comission on Social Determinants of Health. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health: final report. Geneva (CH): WHO; 2008. [ Links ]
Gonzalez de la Rocha M. The resources of poverty: women and survival in a Mexican City. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell; 1994. [ Links ]
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Vanesa Giraldo, Rita Sobczyk, Julián Alfredo Fernández-Niño, Maylen Liseth Rojas-Botero, Ietza Bojorquez
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
