As especificidades do padrão de apego de meninos: estudo de casos múltiplos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.20017Palavras-chave:
apego, especificidade, meninosResumo
Esta pesquisa buscou identificar indicadores do padrão de apego de meninos em relação a suas figuras parentais, avaliar a existência de especificidade do padrão de apego em relação à mãe e ao pai e descrever as características familiares associadas ao apego seguro/inseguro. O estudo, realizado com três meninos entre 5 e 8 anos, com queixas escolares, foi baseado na teoria do apego e adotou como procedimento os Estudos de Casos Múltiplos. A avaliação dos indicadores do apego foi realizada através do Manchester Child Attachment Story Task - MCAST, procedimento cujas estórias remetem a situações de angústia. A análise do desfecho de cada narrativa apontou indicadores do padrão de apego implicado. Outros procedimentos foram aplicados, com a finalidade de complementar os dados encontrados no MCAST: Escala Global e Escala de Freqüência de Sinais Específicos aplicada ao Desenho da Família, Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) e Entrevistas com os meninos e seus pais. Em dois dos três casos avaliados se levantou a hipótese de especificidade do padrão de apego em relação à mãe e ao pai. A qualidade de cada relação parental foi única e um padrão de apego considerado como predominantemente seguro apresentou indicadores inseguros e vice-versa. As características familiares relacionaram-se a vínculos frágeis, presença de doenças na família, depressão materna e conflitos conjugais, todos relacionados a padrões inseguros de apego. O estudo também identificou uma diversidade das nomenclaturas que definem os principais conceitos do apego, um predomínio de literatura internacional e a necessidade de estudos brasileiros sobre a especificidade do apego.Downloads
Referências
Davila J, Cobb RJ. Predicting change in self-reported and interviewer-assessed adult attachment: testes of the individual difference and life stress models of attachment change. PSPB. 2003;29(7):859-870.
López F. Apego: estabilidad Y cambio alo largo del ciclo vital. Infancia y Aprendizaje 2006;29(1):9-23.
Schneider BH. ¿Cuánta estabilidad en losestilos de apego está implícita en la teoria de Bowlby?: comentario al artículo de Félix López. Infancia y Aprendizaje.2006;29(1):25-30.
Theran SA, Levendosky AA, Bogat GA, Huth-Bocks AC. Stability and change in mothers’ internal representations of the infants over time. Attach Hum Dev.2005;7(3):253-268.
Zhang F, Labouvievief G. Stability and fluctuation in adult attachment style overa 6-year period. Attach Hum Dev.2004;6(4):419-437.
Waters E, Hamilton CE, Weinfield NS. The stability of attachment security from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood: general introduction. Child Dev. 2000a; 71(3):678-683.
Waters E, Weinfield NS, Hamilton CE. The stability of attachment security from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood: general discussion. Child Dev.2000b;71(3):703-706.
Waters E, Merrick S, Treaboux D, CrowellJ, Albershein L. Attachment Security in Infancy and Early Adultohhod: A Twenty-Year Longitudinal Study. Child Dev.2000;71(3):684-689.
Weinfield NS, Sroufe LA, Egeland B. Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in a high-risk sample: continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates. Child Dev. 2000;71(3):695-702.
Caldera YM, Lindsey EW. Coparenting, mother-infant interaction, and infant-parent attachment relationships in two-parent families. J Fam Psychol.2006;20(2):275-283.
Carranza LV, Kilmann PR. Links between perceived parent characteristics and attachment variables for young women from intact families. Adolescence.2000;35(138):295-312.
Cook WL. Understanding Attachment Security in Family Context. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;78(2):285-294.
Fox NA, Kimmerly NL, Schafer WD. Attachment to mother/attachment to father: a meta-analysis. Child Dev.1991;62:210-225.
Furman W, Simon VA. Concordance in attachment states of mind and styles with respect to fathers and mothers. Dev Psychol. 2004;40(6):1239-1247.
Imamoglu S, Imamoglu EO. Relationship between general and context-specific attachment orientations in a Turkish sample. J Soc Psychol.2006;146(3):261-274.
Sánchez-Queija I, Oliva A. Vínculos de apego con los padres y relaciones con los iguales durante la adolescencia. Rev Psicol Social. 2003;18(1):71-86.
Bowlby J. Apego e perda. Vol 1. Apego: a natureza do vínculo. São Paulo: Martins Fontes; 2002 (Original publicado em1969).
Bowlby J. Apego e perda. Vol 2. Separação: angústia e raiva. São Paulo: Martins Fontes; 1998a (Original publicado em1973).
Lewis M, Feiring C, Rosenthal S. Attachment over time. Child Dev. 2000;71(3):707-720.
Cronckenberg S. Infant irritability, mother responsiveness and social support influences on the security of infant-mother attachment. Child Dev. 1981;52:857-869.
Jacobson S, Frye K. Effect on maternal social support on attachment: experimental evidence. Child Dev. 1991;62:572-582.
Sánchez NV. Consideraciones acerca de los estilos de apego y su repercusión en laprática clínica. In: V Congreso Sudamericano de Investigación en Psicoterapia Empírica y III Encuentro Psicoterapéutico; 2002.
Ainsworth MDS. Attachments BeyondInfancy. Am Psychol. 1989;44(4):709-716.
Berlin LJ, Cassidy J. Relations among relationships: contributions from attachment theory and research. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR, editors. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. New York: The Guilford Press; 1999. p. 688-712.
Cassidy J. The nature of the child’s ties. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR, editors. Handbook of Attachment: Theory Research and Clinical Applications. New York: The Guilford Press; 1999. p. 3-20.
Main M, Kaplan N, Cassidy J. Security in Infancy, Childhood, and adulthood: a move to the level of representation. In: Bretherton I, Waters E, editors. Growing points of attachment theory and research Monografhs of the Society for Research in Chile Development. 1985;50(1-2, Serialnº 209):66-106.
Yin RK. Estudo de caso: planejamento e métodos. Porto Alegre: Bookman; 2003.
Green J, Stanley C, Smith V, Goldwyn R.A new method of evaluating attachment representations in young school-agechildren: The Manchester Child Attachment Story Task. Attach Hum Dev.2000;2(1):48-70.
Chor D, Griep RH, Lopes CS, Faerstein E. Medidas de rede e apoio social no estudo pró-saúde: pré-testes e estudo piloto. Cad Saúde Pública. 2001;17(4):887-896.
Fury G, Carlson EA, Sroufe LA. Children’s representations of attachment relationships in family drawings. Child Dev.1997;68(6):1154-1164.
Cecconello AM, Koller SH. Avaliação da representação mental da relação de apego através do desenho da família: um estudo com crianças brasileiras. Arq Bras Psicol.1999;51(4):39-51.
Ávila SC, Maldonado C, Saldarriaga LM,Veja L, Diaz S. Patrones de Apego em Familias de três generacionaes: abuela,madre adolescente, hijo. Rev Latinoamericana Psicol. 2004;36(3):409-430.
Harvey M, Byrd M. Relationships between adolescents’ attachment styles and family functioning. Adolescence. 2000;35(138):345-356.
Mayer LR. Rede de apoio social e representação mental das relações de apego de meninas vítimas de violência doméstica (tese de doutorado não publicada). Porto Alegre: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2002.
Bretherton I, Munholland KA. Internal working models in attachment relationships: a construct revisited. In: Cassidy J, Shaver PR, editors. Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research and Clinical Applications. New York: The Guilford Press; 1999. p. 89-111.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL PUBLISHERS
Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:
- Follow this code, and encourage the editors they work with to follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Edi- tors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf)
- Ensure the editors and journals they work with are aware of what their membership of COPE provides and en- tails
- Provide reasonable practical support to editors so that they can follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf_)
Publishers should:
- Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
- Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
- Protect intellectual property and copyright
- Foster editorial independence
Publishers should work with journal editors to:
- Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:
– Editorial independence
– Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research
– Authorship
– Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards
– Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor
– Appeals and complaints
- Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
- Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
- Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
- Maintain the integrity of the academic record
- Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
- Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
- Publish content on a timely basis
