Freqüência dos efeitos do álcool no feto e padrão de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelas gestantes de maternidade pública da cidade de São Paulo

Autores

  • Maria dos Anjos Mesquita Hospital e Maternidade Cruz Azul
  • Conceição Aparecida de Mattos Segre Instituto de Assistência ao Servidor Público Estadual

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.19903

Palavras-chave:

Recém-nascidos, gestantes, álcool, síndrome alcoólica fetal, transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool

Resumo

OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência dos efeitos do álcool no feto e o padrão de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelas gestantes de maternidade pública da cidade de São Paulo. MÉTODO: foram examinados 1964 recém-nascidos vivos, e entrevistadas as suas mães por meio de perguntas diretas e pelo questionário T-ACE. Quantificou-se o consumo semanal de álcool pelas puérperas, três meses antes e durante a gestação e compararam-se as características físicas dos recém-nascidos com esse padrão de consumo. Foram utilizados os testes de Mann-Whitney, teste qui-quadrado e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Em 76 crianças (38,69/1000 nascidos vivos) identificou-se o espectro de desordens fetais alcoólicas. Três delas (1,52/1000 nascidos vivos) tinham síndrome alcoólica fetal. Três meses antes da gravidez, 43,90% das mulheres consumiram álcool semanalmente. Na gravidez esse número caiu para 21,20% no primeiro trimestre, 17,50% no segundo e 17,10% no terceiro e 33,29% das puérperas consumiram álcool em algum momento da gestação. O questionário T-ACE foi positivo em 31,11% puérperas e negativo em 68,84%. Quanto maior a quantidade de álcool consumido, durante os primeiros seis meses gestacionais, menor o peso de nascimento, perímetro cefálico e comprimento dos recém-nascidos. Essas medidas não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre as puérperas T-ACE positivas e negativas. CONCLUSÕES: Foram encontrados 76 recém-nascidos com o espectro de desordens fetais alcoólicas. O uso de álcool pelas gestantes foi alto, sugerindo a realização de rastreamento rotineiro desse consumo.

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Publicado

2009-04-01

Edição

v. 19 n. 1 (2009)

Seção

Pesquisa Original

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