Low birth weight, family income and paternal absence as risk factors in neuropsychomotor development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.124072Palavras-chave:
Physical Therapy Specialty, Child Development, Early Childhood Education, Health PromotionResumo
Introduction: The first years of life are crucial to neuropsychomotor development (NPMD), during this period children are susceptible to organic, environmental or activity-related influences that may represent protective or risk factors towards full development, with potential lifelong repercussions.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate and verify the risk factors in the neuropsychomotor development (NPMD) of children aged from zero to three years, attending public early childhood education centers.
Methods: Cross-sectional study, contextual approach – based on ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) –, Denver II developmental screening test and additional assessments about nutritional status. For the analysis, a logistic regression was performed. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) concerning body functions and structure (evaluation questionnaire), activity and participation (evaluation of NPMD in school), personal factors (family characteristics), and environmental factors (characteristics of the ECECs) were considered for the evaluation phase. The instruments consisted of a questionnaire containing items to elicit information about the child, including current, neonatal and family traits. For the evaluation DPMD, the Denver II test was used. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was established using Cohen's kappa, and data subsequently submitted to stepwise (backward) regression analysis using a Logit model, using binary responses. The construction of an ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) to define the explanatory profile of the model built also was included, in addition to the calculation of the Odds Ratio (OR), the odds of chance occurrence the association of a given variable with DPMD.
Results: NPMD was within the normal parameters, in 68.8% (n = 53) and risk of delays was in 31.2% (n = 24). The area with the best performance was the fine motor-adaptive (3.75%) and the most questionable one was the language (57.5%). It was verified that 48% (n=37) of the children had normal weight while 52% (n = 40) presented some nutritional risk. Low birth weight (OR = 181), monthly family income (OR = 9) and paternal absence (OR = 34) were statistically significant factors on the risk of NPMD delays.
Conclusion: low birth weight, family income and paternal absence are factors associated with risks of NPMD delays. These findings reinforce the systemic and multifactorial nature of NPMD and emphasize the need for monitoring and formulating public policies -- especially the ones dedicated to children with low income conditions --, which could contribute to the full development of children, since public early childhood education centers should be transforming agents in the quality of child development.
Downloads
Referências
Gannotti ME, Christy JB, Heathcock JC, Kolobe TH. A path model for evaluating dosing parameters for children with cerebral palsy. Phys Ther. 2014;94(3):411-21. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130022
Albers EM, Riksen-Walraven JM, Weerth C. Developmental stimulation in child care centers contributes to young infants’ cognitive development. Infant Behav Dev. 2010;33(4):401-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.04.004
Guimarães FAB, Di Assis C, Vieira MEB, Formiga CKMR. Evaluation of teaching materials prepared for guidance of caregivers and day care teachers on child development. J Hum Growth Dev. 2015;25(1):27-40. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.96764
Scola C, Bourjade M, Jover M. Social interaction is associated with changes in infants’ motor activity. Socioaffect Neurosci Psychol. 2015;5:28256. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/snp.v5.28256
Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). São Paulo: EDUSP; 2015.
Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA, Pollitt E, et al. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369(9556):145-57. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60076-2
Chilton M, Chyatte M, Breaux J. The negative effects of poverty & food insecurity on child development. Indian J Med Res. 2007;126(4):262-72.
Morgan C, Novak I, Badawi N. Enriched environments and motor outcomes in cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2013;132(3):e735-46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-3985
Franciotti DL, Mayer GN, Cancelier ACL. Fatores de risco para baixo peso ao nascer:um estudo de caso-controle. Arq Catarinenses Med. 2010;39(3):63-9.
Braga AKP, Rodovalho JC, Formiga CKMR. Evolução do crescimento e desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças pré-escolares de zero a dois anos do município de Goiânia (GO). Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolvimento Hum. 2011;21(2):230-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.20011
Halpern R, Giugliani ERJ, Victora CG, Barros FC, Horta BL. Fatores de risco para suspeita de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de vida. J Pediatr. 2000;76(6):421-8.
Campos MM, Esposito YL, Bhering E, Gimenes N, Abuchaim B. A qualidade da educação infantil: um estudo em seis capitais brasileiras. Cad Pesqui. 2011;41(142):20-54. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-15742011000100003
Setodji CM, Le VN, Schaack D. Using generalized additive modeling to empirically identify thresholds within the ITERS in relation to toddlers' cognitive development. Dev Psychol. 2013;49(4):632-45. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0028738
Macy M. Promising Practices, Models, and Research in the Early Identification of Young Children with Disabilities. J Intellectual Disab Diagn Trat. 2015;3(4):154-5.
Cioni G, Inguaggiato E, Sgandurra G. Early intervention in neurodevelopmental disorders: underlying neural mechanisms. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2016;58(Suppl 4):61-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dmcn.13050
Nobre FDA, Carvalho AEV, Martinez FE, Linhares MBM. Estudo longitudinal do desenvolvimento de crianças nascidas pré-termo no primeiro ano pós-natal. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2009;22(3):362-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722009000300006
Hwang AW, Liao HF, Granlund M, Simeonsson RJ, Kang LJ, Pan YL. Linkage of ICF-CY codes with environmental factors in studies of developmental outcomes of infants and toddlers with or at risk for motor delays. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(2):89-104. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2013.777805
Hwang AW, Liao HF, Chen PC, Hsieh WS, Simeonsson RJ, Weng LJ, et al. Applying the ICF-CY framework to examine biological and environmental factors in early childhood development. J Formos Med Assoc. 2014 May;113(5):303-12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2011.10.004
Santos D, Tolocka R, Carvalho J, Heringer L, Almeida C, Miquelote A. Gross motor performance and its association with neonatal and familial factors and day care exposure among children up to three years old. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2009;13(2):173-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552009005000025
Baltieri L, Santos DCC, Gibim NC, Souza CT, Batistela ACT, Tolocka RE. Motor performance of infants attending the nurseries of public day care centers. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2010;28(3):283-9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822010000300005
Souza CT, Santos DC, Tolocka RE, Baltieri L, Gibim NC, Habechian FA. Assessment of global motor performance and gross and fine motor skills of infants attending day care centers. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2010;14(4):309-15. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552010000400007
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(2):175-91.
Frankenburg WK, Dodds J, Archer P, Shapiro H, Bresnick B. The Denver II: a major revision and restandardization of the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Pediatrics. 1992;89(1):91-7.
Souza SC, Leone C, Takano OA, Moratelli HB. Desenvolvimento de pré-escolares na educação infantil em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2008;24(8):1917-26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2008000800020
WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study Group. WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age. Acta Paediatr. Suppl. 2006;450:76-85.
Rezende MA, Costa PS, Pontes PB. Triagem de desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em instituições de educação infantil segundo o teste de Denver II. Esc. Anna Nery. 2005;9(3): 348-55. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1414-81452005000300003
Sabatés AL, Mendes LCO. Perfil do crescimento e desenvolvimento de crianças entre 12 e 36 meses de idade que freqüentam uma creche municipal da cidade de Guarulhos. Ciênc Cuidado Saúde. 2007;6(2):164-70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v6i2.4143
Torquato JA, Paes JB, Bento MCC, Saikai GMPN, Souto JN, Lima EAM, et al. Prevalência de atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em pré-escolares. Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolvimento Hum. 2011;21(2):259-68. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.20014
Silva ACD, Engstron EM, Miranda CT. Fatores associados ao desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em crianças de 6 a 18 meses de vida inseridas em creches públicas do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2015;31(9):1881-93. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00104814
Biscegli TS, Corrêa CEC, Romera J, Hernandez JLJ. Avaliação do estado nutricional e prevalência da carência de ferro em crianças freqüentadoras de uma creche. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2006;24(4):323-9.
Batista Filho M, Rissin A. A transição nutricional no Brasil: tendências regionais e temporais. Cad. Saúde Pública. 2003;19(Suppl.1): S181-91. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2003000700019
Ebbeling CB, Pawlak DB, Ludwig DS. Childhood obesity: public-health crisis, common sense cure. Lancet. 369(9331):473-82. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09678-2
Caçola P, Bobbio TG. Baixo peso ao nascer e alterações no desenvolvimento motor: a realidade atual. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2010;8(1):70-6. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-05822010000100012
Resegue R, Puccini RF, Silva EMK. Fatores de risco associados a alterações no desenvolvimento da criança. Pediatria. 2007;29(2):117-28.
Halpern R, Barros FC, Horta BL, Victora CG. Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de idade em uma coorte de base populacional no Sul do Brasil: diferenciais conforme peso ao nascer e renda familiar. Cad Saúde Pública. 1996;12(Supl.1):73-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X1996000500011
Resegue R, Puccini RF, Silva EMK. Risk factors associated with developmental abnormalities among high-risk children attended at a multidisciplinary clinic. Sao Paulo Med. J. 2008;126(1):4-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802008000100002
Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B, et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369(9555):60-70. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60032-4
Hoff E. The specificity of environmental influence: Socioeconomic status affects early vocabulary development via maternal speech. Child Dev. 2003;74(5):1368-78. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00612
Halpern R, Giugliani ER, Victora CG, Barros FC, Horta BL. Fatores de risco para suspeita de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 12 meses de vida. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2002;73(5):529-39. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062002000500016
Paiva GS, Lima ACVMS, Lima MC, Eickmann SH. The effect of poverty on developmental screening scores among infants. Sao Paulo Med J. 2010;28(5):276-83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-31802010000500007
Lima MC, Eickmann SH, Lima AC, Guerra MQ, Lira PI, Huttly SR, et al. Determinants of mental and motor development at 12 months in a low income population: a cohort study in northeast Brazil. Acta Paediatr. 2004;93(7):969-75. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2004.tb18257.x
Laurin JC, Geoffroy MC, Boivin M, Japel C, Raynault MF, Tremblay RE, et al. Child care services, socioeconomic inequalities, and academic performance. Pediatrics. 2015;136(8). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0419
Barros KMFT, Fragoso AGC, Oliveira ALB, Cabral Filho JE, Castro RM. Influências do ambiente podem alterar a aquisição de habilidades motoras? Uma comparação entre pré-escolares de creches públicas e escolas privadas. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. 2003;61(2A):170-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2003000200002
Manfroi EC, Macarini SM, Vieira ML. Comportamento parental e o papel do pai no desenvolvimento infantil. Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvolvimento Hum. 2011; 21(1):59-69. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.19996
Pilz EML, Schermann LB. Determinantes biológicos e ambientais no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em uma amostra de crianças de Canoas/RS. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2007;12(1):182-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232007000100021
Amorim RCA, Laurentino GEC, Barros KMFT, Ferreira ALPR, Moura Filho AG, Raposo MCF. Family health program: proposal for identification of risk factors for neuropsychomotor development. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2009;13(6):506-13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552009005000065
Anme T, Tanaka E, Shinohara R, Sugisawa Y, Watanabe T, Tomisaki E, et al. Center-based child extended care: Implications for young children’s development in a five-year follow-up. Sci Res. 2012;2(4):435-40. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sm.2012.24056
Malmberg LE, Lewis S, West A, Murray E, Sylva K, Stein A. The influence of mothers' and fathers' sensitivity in the first year of life on children's cognitive outcomes at 18 and 36 months. Child Care Health Dev. 2016;42(1):1-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cch.12294
Hadders-Algra M. Challenges and limitations in early intervention. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53(Suppl 4):52-5. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04064.x
Johnston MV. Plasticity in the developing brain: implications for rehabilitation. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2009;15(2):94-101. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ddrr.64
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL PUBLISHERS
Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:
- Follow this code, and encourage the editors they work with to follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Edi- tors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf)
- Ensure the editors and journals they work with are aware of what their membership of COPE provides and en- tails
- Provide reasonable practical support to editors so that they can follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf_)
Publishers should:
- Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
- Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
- Protect intellectual property and copyright
- Foster editorial independence
Publishers should work with journal editors to:
- Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:
– Editorial independence
– Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research
– Authorship
– Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards
– Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor
– Appeals and complaints
- Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
- Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
- Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
- Maintain the integrity of the academic record
- Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
- Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
- Publish content on a timely basis
