INFANT GROWTH DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.103017Palavras-chave:
anthropometry, growth, nutritional status, breastfeeding.Resumo
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and analyse the profile of growth in normal infants during the first year of life, including their patterns of weight and length, and the duration of breastfeeding. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted based on 85 records of infants who met the inclusion criteria. The total duration of breastfeeding was recorded along with weight and length at three ages: birth, 6 and 12 months. The data were analysed as Z-scores based on WHO (2006) using the software products MedCalc 12.0 and GraphPad Prism 6.0. Results: Although 76.5% of the infants showed a growth pattern compatible with WHO references at 12 months of age, the others presented as overweight as at risk of being overweight. A significant correlation was observed between birth weight and BMI Z-score at two ages: 6 months (r = 0.26; p = 0.01) and 12 months (r = 0.32; p = 0.002). A correlation between birth weight and length Z-score was also found at 6 months (r = 0.4034; p = 0.0001) and 12 months (r = 0.3309; p = 0.002). Birth length was also correlated with length Z-score at 6 months (r = 0.4829; p<0.0001) and 12 months (r = 0.3407; p = 0.0014). Breastfeeding duration did not show any correlation with anthropometric data at 6 and 12 months of age. Conclusion: The growth pattern of the sample during the first year of life was found to be appropriate or faster than normal. Growth pattern also seems to be influenced by anthropometric characteristics at birth, which does not depend on breastfeeding duration.
Downloads
Referências
Bogin B. Patterns of Human Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1988.
Tanner JM. Fetus in to man: physical growth from conception to maturity. Revised ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1990.
Macchiaverni LML, Barros Filho AA. Perímetro cefálico: por que medir sempre. Medicina. Ribeirão Preto: 1998; 31(4): 595-609.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.21767262.v31i4p595-609
Bergmann GG, Garlipp DC, Silva GMG, Gaya A. Crescimento somático de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Rev Bras Saúde Mater Infant. 2009; 9(1): 85-93. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-38292009000100010
Monteiro CA. Critérios antropométricos no diagnóstico da desnutrição em programas de assistência à criança. Rev Saúde Pública. 1984; 18(3): 209-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89101984000300002
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advance date from vital and health statistics. United States: National Center for Health Statistics [cited 2012 Sep 08] Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/ad.htm
Dewey KG. Cross-cultural patterns of growth and nutritional status of breast-fed infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998; 67(1): 10-7.
Maleta K, Virtanen S, Espo M, Kulmala T, Ashorn P. Timing of growth faltering in rural Malawi. Arch Dis Child. 2003; 88(7): 574-8.
Oken E, Gillman MW. Fetal origins of obesity. Obes Res. 2003; 11(4): 496-506. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.69
Hales CN, Barker DJ, Clark PM, Cox LJ, Fall C, Osmond C, et al. Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose intolerance at age 64. BMJ. 1991; 303(6809):1019-22.
Lithell HO, McKeigue PM, Berglund L, Mohsen R, Lithell UB, Leon DA. Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men age 50-60 years. BMJ. 1996; 312(7028): 406-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7028.406
Stettler N, Zemel BS, Kumanyika S, Stallings VA. Infant weight gain and childhood overweight status in multicenter, cohort study. Pediatrics. 2002; 109(2): 194-9.
- Stettler N, Stallings VA, Troxel AB, Zhao J, Schinnar R, Nelson SE, et al. Weight gain in the first week of life and overweight in adulthood: a cohort study of European American subjects fed infant formula. Circulation. 2005; 111(15): 1897-903. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000161797.67671.A7
Bergmann KE, Bergmann RL, Von Kries R, Böhm O, Richter R, Dudenhausen JW et al. Early determinants of childhood overweight and adiposity in a birth cohort study: role of breast feeding. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003;
(2):162-72. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.802200
Gillman MW, Rifas-Shiman SL, Camargo Jr CA, Berkey CS, Frazier AL, Rockett HRH, et al. Risk of overweight among adolescents who were breastfed as infants. JAMA. 2001; 285(19):2461-7. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/
1001/jama.285.19.2461
Hediger ML, Overpeck MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Ruan WJ. Association between infant breastfeeding and overweight in young children. JAMA. 2001; 285(19): 2453-60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2453
Liese AD, Hirsch T, Von Mutius E, Keil U, Leupold W, Weiland SK. Inverse association of overweight and breastfeeding in 9 to 10 year old children in Germany. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001; 25(11): 1644-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801800
Toschke AM, Vignerova J, Lhotska L, Osancova K, Koletzo B, Von Kries R. Overweight and obesity in 6-to-14 year-old Czech children in1991: protective effect of breast feeding. J Pediatr. 2002; 141(6): 764-9. DOI: http://dx.
doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2002.128890
Von Kries R, Koletzo B, Sauerwald T, Von Mutius E, Barnert D, Grunert V, et al. Breast feeding and obesity: cross sectional study. BMJ. 1999; 319(17): 147-50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7203.147
Kramer MS, Kakuma R. The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2004; 554: 63-77.
Baker JL, Michaelsen KF, Rasmussen KM, Sorensen TI. Maternal prepregnant body mass index, duration of breastfeeding and timing of complementary food introduction are associated with infant weight gain. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004; 80(6): 1579-88.
Kim J, Peterson KE. Association of infant child care with infant feeding practices and weight gain among US infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008; 162(7): 627-33. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.7.627
Taveras EM, Rifas-Shiman SL, Belfort MB, Kleinman KP, Oken E, Gillman MW. Weight status in the first 6 months of life and obesity at 3 years of age. Pediatrics. 2009; 123(4):1177-83. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1149
World Health Organization. Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: a review of current scientific knowledge. Geneva: 1998.
Giugliani ERJ, Victora CG. Alimentação complementar. J Pediatr. 2000; 76(S3): S253-57.
Michaelsen KF. What is known? Short-term and long-term effects of complementary feeding. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2005; 56:185-205. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000086300
Weng SF, Redsell SA, Swift JA, Yang M, Glazebrook CP. Systematic review and metaanalyses of risk factors for childhood overweight identifiable during infancy. Arch Dis Child. 2012; 97(12): 1019-26. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2012-302263
Westwood M, Kramer MS, Munz D, Lovett JM, Watters GV. Growth and development of fullterm non asphyxiated small-for-gestational-age newborns: follow-up through adolescence. Pediatrics. 1983; 71: 376-82.
Maia RRP, Souza JMP. Fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer em Município do Norte do Brasil. Rev Bras Crescimento Desenvol Hum. 2010; 20(3): 735-44.
Sibbald B. News @ a glance. CMAJ. 2004; 171(11): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1503/cmaj.1041660
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar-2002/2003. Antropometria e analise do estadonutricional de crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; 2006.
Posada ME, Rubén M, Esquivel M,Rubi A. Influencia de los factores socieconómicos sobre la talla de los niños. Rev Cubana Pediatr. 1984; 55: 597-604.
Mendes ACL, Queiroz JM, Melo ANL, Sureira TM, Pequeno NPF. Perfil nutricional de lactentes atendidos em unidade básica de saúde no Rio Grande do Norte. J Hum Growth Dev. 2014; 24(1): 16-23.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR JOURNAL PUBLISHERS
Publishers who are Committee on Publication Ethics members and who support COPE membership for journal editors should:
- Follow this code, and encourage the editors they work with to follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Edi- tors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf)
- Ensure the editors and journals they work with are aware of what their membership of COPE provides and en- tails
- Provide reasonable practical support to editors so that they can follow the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors (http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/New_Code.pdf_)
Publishers should:
- Define the relationship between publisher, editor and other parties in a contract
- Respect privacy (for example, for research participants, for authors, for peer reviewers)
- Protect intellectual property and copyright
- Foster editorial independence
Publishers should work with journal editors to:
- Set journal policies appropriately and aim to meet those policies, particularly with respect to:
– Editorial independence
– Research ethics, including confidentiality, consent, and the special requirements for human and animal research
– Authorship
– Transparency and integrity (for example, conflicts of interest, research funding, reporting standards
– Peer review and the role of the editorial team beyond that of the journal editor
– Appeals and complaints
- Communicate journal policies (for example, to authors, readers, peer reviewers)
- Review journal policies periodically, particularly with respect to new recommendations from the COPE
- Code of Conduct for Editors and the COPE Best Practice Guidelines
- Maintain the integrity of the academic record
- Assist the parties (for example, institutions, grant funders, governing bodies) responsible for the investigation of suspected research and publication misconduct and, where possible, facilitate in the resolution of these cases
- Publish corrections, clarifications, and retractions
- Publish content on a timely basis
