Effects of physical exercise in frail older adults: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/18004826022019Keywords:
Frail Elderly, Exercise, Health Promotion, ReviewAbstract
Frailty is an unstable condition related to functional decline, which affects the individual’s interaction with the environment and may cause limitation in the activities of daily living and result in loss of autonomy. This study aimed to provide a theoretical background on the effects of physical exercise on frail older people. This is a systematic review of studies published between 2011 and 2016 in the Medline, PubMed, PEDro, SciELO and Lilacs databases. After data search, 12 articles were included in the investigation, which highlight the positive effects of physical exercise on frailty, emphasizing multicomponent training with regularity of two to three times a week. We can conclude that physical exercises bring beneficial effects to frail older people in terms of quality of life and physical and cognitive aspects.
Downloads
References
IBGE. Mudanças demográficas no Brasil no início do século
XXI: subsídios para as projeções da população. Rio de Janeiro:
IBGE; 2015 [cited 2019 May 2]. Available from: https://biblioteca.
ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv93322.pdf
IBGE. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE; c2019. Projeção da população do
Brasil para o período 1980-2050: revisão; 2004 [cited 2019
May 2]. Available from: https://ww2.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/
populacao/projecao_da_populacao/2004/default.shtm
Veras R. Envelhecimento populacional e as informações
de saúde do Pnad: demandas e desafios contemporâneos.
Cad Saúde Pública. 2007;23(10):2463-6. doi:
1590/S0102-311X2007001000020
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Envelhecimento e saúde da
pessoa idosa. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2006 [cited
May 2]. Available from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/
publicacoes/abcad19.pdf
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Physical
activity programs and behavior counseling in older adult
populations. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(11):1197-2003.
Levers M, Estabrooks C, Ross J. Factors contributing to
frailty: literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2006;56(3):282-91. doi:
1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04021.x
Fried L, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener
J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010;56(3):M146-56. doi:
1093/gerona/56.3.M146
Certo AC, Sanchez K, Galvão A, Fernandes H. A síndrome da
fragilidade nos idosos: revisão da literatura. Actas Gerontol.
;(1):1-11.
Roubenoff R. Catabolism of aging: is it inflammatory process?
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2003;6(3):295-9. doi:
1097/01.mco.0000068965.34812.62
Walston J. Frailty: the search for underlying causes. Sci
Aging Knowledge Environ. 2004;2004(4):pe4. doi: 10.1126/
sageke.2004.4.pe4
Macedo C, Gazzola JM, Nahas M. Síndrome da fragilidade no
idoso: importância da fisioterapia. ABCS Health Sciences.
;33(3):177-84. doi: 10.7322/abcs.v33i3.154
Campbell J, Buchner D. Unstable disability and the fluctuations
of frailty. Age Ageing. 1997;26(4):315-8.
Merquiades JH, Agra, JHM, Albuquerque KMD, Costa RC,
Navarro AC. A importância do exercício físico para a qualidade
de vida dos idosos. RBPFEX. 2009;3(18):597-614.
Farinatti PT. Envelhecimento, promoção da saúde e exercício:
bases teóricas e metodológicas. Barueri: Manole; 2008.
Theou O, Stathokostas L, Roland KP, Jakobi JM, Patterson
C, Vandervoort AA, et al. The effectiveness of exercise
interventions for the management of frailty: a systematic
review. J Aging Res. 2011:1-19. doi: 10.4061/2011/569194
Morton NA. The PEDro scale is a valid measure of the methodological
quality of clinical trials: a demographic study. Aust J Physiother.
;55(2):129-33. doi: 10.1016/S0004-9514(09)70043-1
Maher CG, Sherrington C, Herbert RD, Moseley AM, Elkins M.
Reliability of the PEDro scale for rating quality of randomized
controlled trials. Phys Ther. 2003;83(8):713-21. doi: 10.1093/
ptj/83.8.713
Tieland M, Verdijk LB, de Groot LC, Van Loon LJ. Handgrip
strength does not represent an appropriate measure to evaluate
changes in muscle strength during an exercise intervention
program in frail older people. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab.
;25(1):27-36. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0123
Szturm T, Betker AL, Moussavi Z, Desai A, Goodman V.
Effects of an interactive computer game exercise regimen on
balance impairment in frail community-dwelling older adults:
a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2011;91(10):1449-62.
doi: 10.2522/ptj.20090205
Cadore EL, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Idoate F,
Millor N, Gomez M, et al. Multicomponent exercises including
muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output,
and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians.
Age (Dordr). 2014;36(2):773-85. doi: 10.1007/s11357-013-9586-z
Zech A, Drey M, Freiberger E, Hentschke C, Bauer JM, Sieber
CC, et al. Residual effects of muscle strength and muscle power
training and detraining on physical function in communitydwelling prefrail older adults: a randomized controlled trial.
BMC Geriatr. 2012;12:68. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-12-68
Pollock RD, Martin FC, Newham DJ. Whole-body vibration
in addition to strength and balance exercise for falls-related
functional mobility of frail older adults: a single-blind
randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2012;26(10):915-23.
doi: 10.1177/0269215511435688
Zhang L, Weng C, Liu M, Wang Q, Liu L, He Y. Effect of
whole-body vibration exercise on mobility, balance ability
and general health status in frail elderly patients: a pilot
randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(1):59-68.
doi: 10.1177/0269215513492162
Daniel K. Wii-hab for pre-frail older adults. Rehabil Nurs.
;37(4):195-201. doi: 10.1002/rnj.25
Gine-Garriga M, Guerra M, Unnithan VB. The effect of functional
circuit training on self-reported fear of falling and health status
in a group of physically frail older individuals: a randomized
controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2013;2(3):329-36. doi:
1007/s40520-013-0048-3
Jorgensen MG, Laessoe U, Hendriksen C, Nielsen OB, Aagaard
P. Efficacy of Nintendo Wii training on mechanical leg muscle
function and postural balance in community-dwelling older
adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci
Med Sci. 2013;68(7):845-52. doi: 10.1093/gerona/gls222
Cesari M, Vellas B, Hsu FC, Newman AB, Doss H, King AC,et al.
A physical activity intervention to treat the frailty syndrome in
older persons: results from the LIFE-P study. J Gerontol A Biol
Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(2):216-22. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glu099
Langlois F, Vu TT, Chasse K, Dupuis G, Kergoat MJ, Bherer L.
Benefits of physical exercise training on cognition and quality
of life in frail older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci.
;68(3):400-4. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbs069
Ng TP, Feng L, Nyunt MS, Feng L, Niti M, Tan BY,et al. Nutritional,
physical, cognitive, and combination interventions and frailty reversal among older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Am
J Med. 2015;128(11):1225-36. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.06.017
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Exercise
and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
;30(6):992-1008.
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Exercise
and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc.
;4(7):1510-30.
Blodgett J, Theou O, Kirkland S, Andreou P, Rockwood K. The
association between sedentary behaviour, moderate-vigorous
physical activity and frailty in NHANES cohorts. Maturitas.
;80(2):187-91. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.11.010
Izquierdo M, Cadore E. Muscle power training in the
institutionalized frail: a new approach to counteracting
functional declines and very late-life disability. Curr Med Res
Opin. 2014;30(7):1385-90. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2014.908175
Chen X, Mao G, Leng SX. Frailty syndrome: an overview. Clin
Interv Aging Ma. 2014;9:433-41. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S45300
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Política Nacional de Promoção da
Saúde. 3rd ed. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2010.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Ana Paula Pillatt, Jordana Nielsson, Rodolfo Herberto Schneider
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
