Pomegranate oil-based nanocapsules enhance 3,3’-diindolylmethane action against melanoma cells
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/Keywords:
Indole derivatives, Skin cancer, Nanoparticles, Metastasis, Cell invasionAbstract
Cutaneous melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer, is the leading cause of death among skin neoplasms. Hence, this study focused on developing a 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM)-loaded pomegranate oil (PO) nanocapsule suspensions and their potential effects on melanoma cells. Nanocapsule suspensions were prepared by the interfacial deposition method (Eudragit ® RS100). Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) nanocapsules were produced for comparison. The of nanocapsule suspensions showed nanometric size (<180 nm), low polydispersity index (<0.12) (as measured by dynamic light scattering), positive zeta potential (tested by capillary microelectrophoresis), pH below 5.0 (as measured by potentiometry), DIM content, and nearly 100% encapsulation efficiency (evaluated by HPLC). The formulations were considered non-irritating (according to HET-CAM) regardless of the core constitution. Notably, PO-based nanocapsules showed a superior performance compared to the MCT-containing formulation in delaying DIM light degradation (tested by UVC radiation), lowering genotoxicity (determined by Allium cepa ), and increasing in vitro antioxidant action (measured by ABTS and FRAP). Additionally, the PO-based formulation demonstrated higher in vitro antitumoral activity in B16F10 than MCT nanocarriers (IC 50 of 6.49 and >24 µg/mL, respectively), and antimetastatic capacity by reducing B16F10 cell adhesion, colonization, and migration. Based on these results, this study suggests that the nanoencapsulation of DIM into PO nanocapsules may be a promising approach in melanoma treatment.
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