Hop extracts and their utilizations

perspectivesbased on the last 10 years of research

Authors

  • Raul Santiago Rosa Department of Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-5568
  • Suzana Caetano da Silva Lannes Department of Biochemical-Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-7376

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1590/

Keywords:

Hop extracts, Xanthohumol, Bioactive compounds, Plant extract, Bibliometric mapping

Abstract

Hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) is of notorious importance in the brewing industry, providing bitterness, aroma and acting as a preservative. Besides beer, innovative technologies are being developed on hop extracts, and this review aims to highlight their potential applications in the food, veterinary, and pharmaceutical industries . The emphasized topics include extraction methodologies, bioactive compounds, and motivations for use . Publications from the last 10 years that have claiming promising results, of extracts with verified composition or elucidated extraction methodology, in the development of new products such as: functional foods, food preservative, microbiota control in livestock, drug active ingredient or technological adjuvant were selected. This review collected relevant articles and subjected them to bibliometric mapping of the most common terms found in the title or abstract, in order to understand how the themes evolved in the time series and what the most recent trends are. Most of the claimed applications are related to antimicrobial potential, followed by other pharmacological applications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alonso-Esteban JI, Pinela J, Barros L, Ćirić A, Soković M, Calhelha RC, et al. Phenolic composition and antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Seeds. Ind Crops Prod. 2019; 134: 154–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.001 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.001.

Ano Y, Yoshikawa M, Takaichi Y, Michikawa M, Uchida K, Nakayama H, et al. Iso-α-acids, bitter components in beer, suppress inflammatory responses and attenuate neural hyperactivation in the hippocampus. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 81. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2019.00081/BIBTEX .

» https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2019.00081/BIBTEX.

Ayabe T, Ohya R, Kondo K, Ano Y. Iso-α-acids, bitter components of beer, prevent obesity-induced cognitive decline. Sci Rep. 2018; 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-018-23213-9 .

» https://doi.org/10.1038/S41598-018-23213-9.

Bartmańska A, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Tronina T, Popłoński J, Sordon S, Brzezowska E, et al. Antimicrobial Properties of Spent Hops Extracts, Flavonoids Isolated Therefrom, and Their Derivatives. Molecules. 2018; 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES23082059 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES23082059.

Bedini S, Flamini G, Girardi J, Cosci F, Conti B. Not just for beer: evaluation of spent hops (Humulus lupulus L.) as a source of eco-friendly repellents for insect pests of stored foods. J Pest Sci. 2015; 88: 583–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10340-015-0647-1/TABLES/5 .

» https://doi.org/10.1007/S10340-015-0647-1/TABLES/5.

Biendl M, Pinzl C. Hops and Health. Technical Quarterly. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1094/TQ-46-2-0416-01 .

» https://doi.org/10.1094/TQ-46-2-0416-01.

Blaxland JA, Watkins AJ, Baillie LWJ. The Ability of Hop Extracts to Reduce the Methane Production of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium. Archaea. 2021; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510063 .

» https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5510063.

Bocquet L, Sahpaz S, Bonneau N, Beaufay C, Mahieux S, Samaillie J, et al. Phenolic Compounds from Humulus lupulus as Natural Antimicrobial Products: New Weapons in the Fight against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei Strains. Molecules. 2019, Vol 24, Page 1024 2019; 24: 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES24061024 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES24061024.

van Boeckel TP, Brower C, Gilbert M, Grenfell BT, Levin SA, Robinson TP, et al. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015; 112: 5649–54. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1503141112/SUPPL_FILE/PNAS.201503141SI.PDF .

» https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1503141112/SUPPL_FILE/PNAS.201503141SI.PDF.

Börner K, Chen C, Boyack KW. Visualizing knowledge domains. Annu Rev Inform Sci and Tech. 2003; 37: 179–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/ARIS.1440370106 .

» https://doi.org/10.1002/ARIS.1440370106.

Bortoluzzi C, Menten JFM, Pereira R, Fagundes NS, Napty GS, Pedroso AA, et al. Hops β-acids and zinc bacitracin affect the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers challenged with Eimeria acervulina and Eimeria tenella. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2015; 207: 181–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2015.06.006 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2015.06.006.

Bortoluzzi C, Menten JFM, Romano GG, Pereira R, Napty GS. Effect of hops β-acids (Humulus lupulus) on performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens. J Appl Poult Res. 2014; 23: 437–43. https://doi.org/10.3382/JAPR.2013-00926 .

» https://doi.org/10.3382/JAPR.2013-00926.

Carbone K, Macchioni V, Petrella G, Cicero DO. Exploring the potential of microwaves and ultrasounds in the green extraction of bioactive compounds from Humulus lupulus for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Ind Crops Prod. 2020; 156. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2020.112888 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INDCROP.2020.112888.

Cermak P, Olsovska J, Mikyska A, Dusek M, Kadleckova Z, Vanicek J, et al. Strong antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and other derivatives from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on gut anaerobic bacteria. APMIS. 2017; 125: 1033–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12747 .

» https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.12747.

Cos P, Vlietinck AJ, Berghe D Vanden, Maes L. Anti-infective potential of natural products: How to develop a stronger in vitro ‘proof-of-concept.’ J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 106: 290–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2006.04.003 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEP.2006.04.003.

Costa R, Rodrigues I, Guardão L, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Silva C, Magalhães J, et al. Xanthohumol and 8-prenylnaringenin ameliorate diabetic-related metabolic dysfunctions in mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2017; 45: 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.03.006 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.03.006.

Dresel M, Dunkel A, Hofmann T. Sensomics analysis of key bitter compounds in the hard resin of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and their contribution to the bitter profile of Pilsner-type beer. J Agric Food Chem. 2015; 63: 3402–18. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.5B00239 .

» https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.5B00239.

van Eck NJ, Waltman L. Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics. 2010; 84: 523–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11192-009-0146-3 .

» https://doi.org/10.1007/S11192-009-0146-3.

Everard A, Geurts L, van Roye M, Delzenne NM, Cani PD. Tetrahydro iso-alpha acids from hops improve glucose homeostasis and reduce body weight gain and metabolic endotoxemia in high-fat diet-fed mice. PLoS One. 2012; 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0033858 .

» https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0033858.

FAO and WHO. Microbiological Risk Assessment Guidance for Food. Microbiological Risk Assessment Series 2021; 36. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5006en .

» https://doi.org/10.4060/cb5006en.

Fernández-García C, Rancan L, Paredes SD, Montero C, de la Fuente M, Vara E, et al. Xanthohumol exerts protective effects in liver alterations associated with aging. Eur J Nutr. 2019; 58: 653–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00394-018-1657-6 .

» https://doi.org/10.1007/S00394-018-1657-6.

Flythe MD, Harlow BE, Aiken GE, Gellin GL, Kagan IA, Pappas J. Inhibition of Growth and Ammonia Production of Ruminal Hyper Ammonia-Producing Bacteria by Chinook or Galena Hops after Long-Term Storage. Fermentation. 2017, Vol 3, Page 68 2017a; 3: 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/FERMENTATION3040068 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/FERMENTATION3040068.

Flythe MD, Kagan IA, Wang Y, Narvaez N. Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) bitter acids: Modulation of rumen fermentation and potential as an alternative growth promoter. Front Vet Sci. 2017b; 4: 131. https://doi.org/10.3389/FVETS.2017.00131/BIBTEX .

» https://doi.org/10.3389/FVETS.2017.00131/BIBTEX.

Fukuda T, Obara K, Saito J, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of Hop Bitter Acids, Bitter Components in Beer, on Cognition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Agric Food Chem. 2020a; 68: 206–12. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.9B06660/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/JF9B06660_0001.JPEG .

» https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JAFC.9B06660/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/JF9B06660_0001.JPEG.

Fukuda T, Obara K, Saito J, Umeda S, Ano Y. Effects of Hop Bitter Acids, Bitter Components in Beer, on Cognition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Agric Food Chem 2020b; 68: 206–12. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06660 .

» https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06660.

Hege M, Jung F, Sellmann C, Jin C, Ziegenhardt D, Hellerbrand C, et al. An iso-α-acid-rich extract from hops (Humulus lupulus) attenuates acute alcohol-induced liver steatosis in mice. Nutrition. 2018; 45: 68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NUT.2017.07.010 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.NUT.2017.07.010.

Hieronymus S. For the love of hops : the practical guide to aroma, bitterness, and the culture of hops 2012: 321.

Hirata H, Yimin, Segawa S, Ozaki M, Kobayashi N, Shigyo T, et al. Xanthohumol prevents atherosclerosis by reducing arterial cholesterol content via CETP and apolipoprotein E in CETP-transgenic mice. PLoS One. 2012; 7. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0049415 .

» https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0049415.

Hofta P, Dostalek P, Basarova G. Xanthohumol - a Hop Resin or Hop Polyphenol? Chemické Listy. 2004; 98.

Hrnčič MK, Španinger E, Košir IJ, Knez Ž, Bren U. Hop compounds: Extraction techniques, chemical analyses, antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic effects. Nutrients. 2019; 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020257 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020257.

Huang Xianfeng, Wang J, Chen X, Liu P, Wang S, Song F, et al. The Prenylflavonoid Xanthohumol Reduces Alzheimer-Like Changes and Modulates Multiple Pathogenic Molecular Pathways in the Neuro2a/APP swe Cell Model of AD. Front Pharmacol. 2018; 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2018.00199 .

» https://doi.org/10.3389/FPHAR.2018.00199.

Huvaere K, Andersen ML, Skibsted LH, Heyerick A, De Keukeleire D. Photooxidative degradation of beer bittering principles: a key step on the route to lightstruck flavor formation in beer. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53: 1489–94. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0486186 .

» https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0486186.

Iniguez AB, Zhu MJ. Hop bioactive compounds in prevention of nutrition-related noncommunicable diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021; 61: 1900–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1767537 .

» https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1767537.

Irakli M, Mygdalia A, Chatzopoulou P, Katsantonis D. Impact of the combination of sourdough fermentation and hop extract addition on baking properties, antioxidant capacity and phenolics bioaccessibility of rice bran-enhanced bread. Food Chem. 2019; 285: 231–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.145 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.145.

Kim SY, Lee IS, Moon A. 2-Hydroxychalcone and xanthohumol inhibit invasion of triple negative breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2013; 203: 565–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CBI.2013.03.012 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CBI.2013.03.012.

Knez Hrnčič M, Španinger E, Košir I, Knez Ž, Bren U. Hop Compounds: Extraction Techniques, Chemical Analyses, Antioxidative, Antimicrobial, and Anticarcinogenic Effects. Nutrients. 2019; 11: 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020257 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11020257.

Kontek B, Jedrejek D, Oleszek W, Olas B. Antiradical and antioxidant activity in vitro of hops-derived extracts rich in bitter acids and xanthohumol. Ind Crops Prod. 2021; 161: 113208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113208 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.113208.

Lee JH, Lee K, Lee DH, Shin SY, Yong Y, Lee YH. Anti-invasive effect of β-myrcene, a component of the essential oil from Pinus koraiensis cones, in metastatic MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2015; 58: 563–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13765-015-0081-3/FIGURES/5 .

» https://doi.org/10.1007/S13765-015-0081-3/FIGURES/5.

Lin Y, Zang R, Ma Y, Wang Z, Li L, Ding S, et al. Xanthohumol Is a Potent Pan-Inhibitor of Coronaviruses Targeting Main Protease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, Vol 22, Page 12134 2021; 22: 12134. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS222212134 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/IJMS222212134.

Liu M, Hansen PE, Wang G, Qiu L, Dong J, Yin H, et al. Pharmacological profile of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus). Molecules. 2015; 20: 754–79. https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES20010754 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/MOLECULES20010754.

Liu M, Yin H, Liu G, Dong J, Qian Z, Miao J. Xanthohumol, a prenylated chalcone from beer hops, acts as an α-glucosidase inhibitor in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. 2014; 62: 5548–54. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF500426Z .

» https://doi.org/10.1021/JF500426Z.

Liu X, Bai J, Jiang C, Song Z, Zhao Y, Nauwynck H, et al. Therapeutic effect of Xanthohumol against highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses. Vet Microbiol. 2019a; 238. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VETMIC.2019.108431 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VETMIC.2019.108431.

Liu X, Song Z, Bai J, Nauwynck H, Zhao Y, Jiang P. Xanthohumol inhibits PRRSV proliferation and alleviates oxidative stress induced by PRRSV via the Nrf2-HMOX1 axis. Vet Res. 2019b; 50: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13567-019-0679-2/FIGURES/11 .

» https://doi.org/10.1186/S13567-019-0679-2/FIGURES/11.

di Lodovico S, Menghini L, Ferrante C, Recchia E, Castro-Amorim J, Gameiro P, et al. Hop Extract: An Efficacious Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Agent Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococci Strains and Cutibacterium acnes. Front Microbiol. 2020; 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01852 .

» https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01852.

Lou S, Zheng YM, Liu SL, Qiu J, Han Q, Li N, et al. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in vitro by xanthohumol, a natural product present in hops. Planta Med. 2014; 80: 171–6. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0033-1360172 .

» https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0033-1360172.

Miranda CL, Elias VD, Hay JJ, Choi J, Reed RL, Stevens JF. Xanthohumol improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2016; 599: 22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.008 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2016.03.008.

Mitić-Ćulafić D, Žegura B, Filipič M, Nikolić B, Jovanović M, Knežević-Vukčević J. Antigenotoxic potential of plant monoterpenes linalool, myrcene and eucalyptol against IQ-and PhIP-induced DNA damage. Bot. Serb. 2016; 40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48856 .

» https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.48856.

Morimoto-Kobayashi Y, Ohara K, Ashigai H, Kanaya T, Koizumi K, Manabe F, et al. Matured hop extract reduces body fat in healthy overweight humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Nutr J. 2016; 15: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12937-016-0144-2/TABLES/11 .

» https://doi.org/10.1186/S12937-016-0144-2/TABLES/11.

Morimoto-Kobayashi Y, Ohara K, Takahashi C, Kitao S, Wang G, Taniguchi Y, et al. Matured Hop Bittering Components Induce Thermogenesis in Brown Adipose Tissue via Sympathetic Nerve Activity. PLoS One. 2015; 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0131042 .

» https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0131042.

Narvaez N, Wang Y, McAllister T. Effects of extracts of Humulus lupulus (hops) and Yucca schidigera applied alone or in combination with monensin on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in vitro. J Sci Food Agric. 2013a; 93: 2517–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6068 .

» https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6068.

Narvaez N, Wang Y, Xu Z, Alexander T, Garden S, McAllister T. Effects of hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community in an artificial rumen (rusitec). J Sci Food Agric. 2013b; 93: 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5725 .

» https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5725.

Nionelli L, Pontonio E, Gobbetti M, Rizzello CG. Use of hop extract as antifungal ingredient for bread making and selection of autochthonous resistant starters for sourdough fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018; 266: 173–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.002 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.002.

Rancán L, Paredes SD, García I, Muñoz P, García C, López de Hontanar G, et al. Protective effect of xanthohumol against age-related brain damage. J Nutr Biochem. 2017; 49: 133–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.07.011 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2017.07.011.

Saito K, Matsuo Y, Imafuji H, Okubo T, Maeda Y, Sato T, et al. Xanthohumol inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing nuclear factor-κB activation in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci. 2018; 109: 132–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/CAS.13441 .

» https://doi.org/10.1111/CAS.13441.

Samuels JS, Shashidharamurthy R, Rayalam S. Novel anti-obesity effects of beer hops compound xanthohumol: role of AMPK signaling pathway. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2018; 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12986-018-0277-8 .

» https://doi.org/10.1186/S12986-018-0277-8.

Sbardella M, Perina DP, Andrade C, Santos CB, Cairo PLG, Marques ELS, et al. Effects of dietary hop β-acids or colistin on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health of weanling pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2016; 217: 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2016.04.007 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2016.04.007.

Sbardella M, Racanicci AMC, Gois FD, de Lima CB, Migotto DL, Costa LB, et al. Effects of dietary hop (Humulus lupulus L.) β-acids on quality attributes, composition and oxidative stability of pork meat. J Sci Food Agric. 2018; 98: 2385–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.8730 .

» https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.8730.

Sleha R, Radochova V, Malis J, Mikyska A, Houska M, Krofta K, et al. Strong Antimicrobial and Healing Effects of Beta-Acids from Hops in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Infected External Wounds In Vivo. Antibiotics. 2021, Vol 10, Page 708 2021; 10: 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS10060708 .

» https://doi.org/10.3390/ANTIBIOTICS10060708.

Sokolova N. Effect of hop extracts on rheological properties of wheat dough. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2021; 1031: 012097. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1031/1/012097 .

» https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1031/1/012097.

Sumiyoshi M, Kimura Y. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extract inhibits obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet over the long term. Br J Nutr. 2013; 109: 162–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200061X .

» https://doi.org/10.1017/S000711451200061X.

Taniguchi Y, Matsukura Y, Taniguchi H, Koizumi H, Katayama M. Development of preparative and analytical methods of the hop bitter acid oxide fraction and chemical properties of its components. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2015; 79: 1684–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1042832 .

» https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2015.1042832.

USEPA. Global Anthropogenic Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990–2020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC: 2006.

Vecchi B, Gumina E, Matte F, Bata A, Bata S, Molnar-Nagy V, et al. Effect of Herbanoplex CP on broiler chicken’s performance following a nondefined challenge or intestinal lesion score using a necrotic enteritis challenge model. J Appl Poult Res. 2021; 30: 100161. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAPR.2021.100161 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JAPR.2021.100161.

Villalobos-Delgado LH, Caro I, Blanco C, Bodas R, Andrés S, Giráldez FJ, et al. Effect of the addition of hop (infusion or powder) on the oxidative stability of lean lamb patties during storage. Small Rumin. Res. 2015; 125: 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SMALLRUMRES.2015.02.008 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SMALLRUMRES.2015.02.008.

Yamazaki T, Morimoto-Kobayashi Y, Koizumi K, Takahashi C, Nakajima S, Kitao S, et al. Secretion of a gastrointestinal hormone, cholecystokinin, by hop-derived bitter components activates sympathetic nerves in brown adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem. 2019; 64: 80–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2018.10.009 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNUTBIO.2018.10.009.

Yang M, Li N, Li F, Zhu Q, Liu X, Han Q, et al. Xanthohumol, a main prenylated chalcone from hops, reduces liver damage and modulates oxidative reaction and apoptosis in hepatitis C virus infected Tupaia belangeri. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013; 16: 466–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INTIMP.2013.04.029 .

» https://doi.org/et al.

Yen TL, Hsu CK, Lu WJ, Hsieh CY, Hsiao G, Chou DS, et al. Neuroprotective effects of xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid from hops (Humulus lupulus), in ischemic stroke of rats. J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60: 1937–44. https://doi.org/10.1021/JF204909P .

» https://doi.org/10.1021/JF204909P.

Yui K, Kiyofuji A, Osada K. Effects of xanthohumol-rich extract from the hop on fatty acid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Oleo Sci. 2014; 63: 159–68. https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS.ESS13136 .

» https://doi.org/10.5650/JOS.ESS13136.

Zawadzki A, Alloo C, Grossi AB, do Nascimento ESP, Almeida LC, Bogusz Junior S, et al. Effect of hop β-acids as dietary supplement for broiler chickens on meat composition and redox stability. Food Res Int. 2018; 105: 210–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2017.10.072 .

» https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2017.10.072.

Zhang Z, Guo S, Liu X, Gao X. Synergistic antitumor effect of α-pinene and β-pinene with paclitaxel against non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Drug Res. 2015; 65: 214–8. https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0034-1377025 .

» https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0034-1377025.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-05

Issue

Section

Article

How to Cite

Hop extracts and their utilizations: perspectivesbased on the last 10 years of research. (2024). Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 60. https://doi.org/10.1590/